Investigation into Alternative Sample Preparation Techniques for the Determination of Heavy Metals in Stationary Source Emission Samples Collected on Quartz Filters

Goddard, Sharon L.; Brown, Richard

doi:10.3390/s141121676

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Aqua regia (a mixture of 32% HCl and 55% HNO 3 in a ratio of 3:1) was used to extract heavy metals in the samples as described by Lomonte et al [ 31 ] and Goddard and Brown [ 32 ]. To 1 g of each sample weighed into a beaker, 10 ml of aqua regia was added and the mixture evaporated to near dryness in a water bath at 110°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and human health risks associated with abandoned gold mine tailings contaminated soil

2017

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Gold mining is a major source of metal and metalloid emissions into the environment. Studies were carried out in Krugersdorp, South Africa, to evaluate the ecological and human health risks associated with exposure to metals and metalloids in mine tailings contaminated soils. Concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) in soil samples from the area varied with the highest contamination factors (expressed as ratio of metal or metalloid concentration in the tailings contaminated soil to that of the control site) observed for As (3.5x102), Co (2.8x102) and Ni (1.1x102). Potential ecological risk index values for metals and metalloids determined from soil metal and metalloid concentrations and their respective risk factors were correspondingly highest for As (3.5x103) and Co (1.4x103), whereas Mn (0.6) presented the lowest ecological risk. Human health risk was assessed using Hazard Quotient (HQ), Chronic Hazard Index (CHI) and carcinogenic risk levels, where values of HQ > 1, CHI > 1 and carcinogenic risk values > 1×10−4 represent elevated risks. Values for HQ indicated high exposure-related risk for As (53.7), Cr (14.8), Ni (2.2), Zn (2.64) and Mn (1.67). Children were more at risk from heavy metal and metalloid exposure than adults. Cancer-related risks associated with metal and metalloid exposure among children were also higher than in adults with cancer risk values of 3×10−2 and 4×10−2 for As and Ni respectively among children, and 5×10−3 and 4×10−3 for As and Ni respectively among adults. There is significant potential ecological and human health risk associated with metal and metalloid exposure from contaminated soils around gold mine tailings dumps. This could be a potential contributing factor to a setback in the health of residents in informal settlements dominating this mining area as the immune systems of some of these residents are already compromised by high HIV prevalence.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and human health risks associated with abandoned gold mine tailings contaminated soil

2017

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“…The soil was then weighed out, placed in a Teflon microwave digestion tube, and 9.8 mL HNO 3 and 0.2 mL HBF 4 were added to each sample. Soil was then digested using a MARS Express tissue digester following published protocols (Goddard and Brown, 2014). Briefly, samples were heated to 170°C and held at that temperature for 15 minutes, using a maximum of 1400 Watts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing human metal accumulations in an urban superfund site

Hailer

Peck

Calhoun

et al. 2017

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Butte, Montana is part of the largest superfund site in the continental United States. Open-pit mining continues in close proximity to Butte’s urban population. This study seeks to establish baseline metal concentrations in the hair and blood of individuals living in Butte, MT and possible routes of exposure. Volunteers from Butte (n= 116) and Bozeman (n=86) were recruited to submit hair and blood samples and asked to complete a lifestyle survey. Elemental analysis of hair and blood samples was performed by ICP-MS. Three air monitors were stationed in Butte to collect particulate and filters were analyzed by ICP-MS. Soil samples from the yards of Butte volunteers were quantified by ICP-MS. Hair analysis revealed concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Mo, and U to be statistically elevated in Butte’s population. Blood analysis revealed that the concentration of As was also statistically elevated in the Butte population. Multiple regression analysis was performed for the elements As, Cu, and Mn for hair and blood samples. Soil samples revealed detectable levels of As, Pb, Cu, Mn, and Cd, with As and Cu levels being higher than expected in some of the samples. Air sampling revealed consistently elevated As and Mn levels in the larger particulate sampled as compared to average U.S. ambient air data.

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“…The modified Walkley Black method was used to determine organic carbon in the soil (Cottenie et al, 1982;Fonge, 2004). For the determination of heavy metals in the soil samples, aqua regia (a mixture of 32% HCl and 55% HNO 3 in a ratio of 3:1) was used to extract heavy Note: m asl-metres above sea level metals in the samples as described by Lomonte et al (2008) and Goddard and Brown (2014). To 1 g of each sample weighed into a beaker, 10 ml of aqua regia was added and the mixture evaporated to near dryness in a water bath at 110°C.…”

Section: Sample Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of heavy metal exposure risk associated with consumption of cabbage and carrot grown in a tropical Savannah region

Fonge

Larissa

Egbe

et al. 2021

Sustainable Environment

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Indiscriminate use of fertilizers by vegetable growers and poor water quality of irrigational water characterize vegetable production in most parts of Cameroon. The concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soil, cabbage and carrot cultivated in Santa, North West Region, Cameroon were assessed to determine potential ecological and human health risk associated with the consumption of these two vegetables. Heavy metal concentrations were determined using a ContrAA 300 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer after microwave digestion. The concentrations of As (0.51 mg/kg and 0.38 mg/kg), Co (1.41 mg/kg and 1.39 mg/kg) and Pb (1.36 mg/kg and 1.31 mg/ kg) in the cabbage and carrot, respectively, were above the WHO/FAO, permissible limits for human consumption. Health risk index values for Co in cabbage (2.31 mg/kg) and carrot (2.26 mg/kg) indicated significant risks from Co exposure. Geo-accumulation Index indicated that soils from most sites were contaminated. The populations consuming these vegetables are at risk of As, Co and Pb toxicity. Monitoring and sensitization of farmers on the effects of indiscriminate use of agrochemicals is very necessary to protect the health of consumers and preserve the soil quality.

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Investigation into Alternative Sample Preparation Techniques for the Determination of Heavy Metals in Stationary Source Emission Samples Collected on Quartz Filters

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Ecological and human health risks associated with abandoned gold mine tailings contaminated soil

Ecological and human health risks associated with abandoned gold mine tailings contaminated soil

Assessing human metal accumulations in an urban superfund site

An assessment of heavy metal exposure risk associated with consumption of cabbage and carrot grown in a tropical Savannah region

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