Investigation into adhesive wear of PVD coated and uncoated hot stamping production tools

Vilaseca, M.; Pujante, Jaume; Ramírez, G.; Casellas, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2013.07.003

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Mild abrasion appeared in the rest of the lateral wall. Overall, this distribution of wear and damage mechanisms closely resembles that observed in production tools [ 17 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], and coincides with mechanisms observed in previous discussions using this same test configuration [ 16 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Accumulation of material on certain zones of a press hardening tool is one of the most typical tribological phenomena in press hardening of coated sheet steel, and has been widely described in the literature as galling or adhesive wear [ 2 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. In this paper, as in [ 20 ], the term “material transfer” has been preferred, due to the complex mechanism leading to these features.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pilot Demonstration of Hot Sheet Metal Forming Using 3D Printed Dies

Pujante¹,

González

Garcia-Llamas³

2021

Materials

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Since the popularization of press hardening in the early noughties, die and tooling systems have experienced considerable advances, with tool refrigeration as an important focus. However, it is still complicated to obtain homogeneous cooling and avoid hot spot issues in complex geometries. Additive Manufacturing allows designing cavities inside the material volume with little limitation in terms of channel intersection or bore entering and exit points. In this sense, this technology is a natural fit for obtaining surface-conforming cooling channels: an attractive prospect for refrigerated tools. This work describes a pilot experience in 3D-printed press hardening tools, comparing the performance of additive manufactured Maraging steel 1.2709 to conventional wrought hot work tool steel H13 on two different metrics: durability and thermal performance. For the first, wear studies were performed in a controlled pilot plant environment after 800 hot stamping strokes in an omega tool configuration. On the second, a demonstrator tool based on a commercial tool with hot spot issues, was produced by 3D printing including surface-conformal cooling channels. This tool was then used in a pilot press hardening line, in which tool temperature was analyzed and compared to an equivalent tool produced by conventional means. Results show that the Additive Manufacturing technologies can be successfully applied to the production of press hardening dies, particularly in intricate geometries where new cooling channel design strategies offer a solution for hot spots and inhomogeneous thermal loads.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Demonstration of Hot Sheet Metal Forming Using 3D Printed Dies

Pujante¹,

González

Garcia-Llamas³

2021

Materials

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“…Anyway, the survey of the technical and scientific literature shows a large interest in the development of coatings for the blanks different from the traditional Al-Si up to new Zn-based coating, with improved frictional and wear performances, as shown by Ghiotti in [8]. Other Authors are focused on the analysis of hard PVD and CVD coatings, plasma nitriding, applied on dies, in order to increase the tool life, reducing the wear rate that is established, as explained by J. Hardell in [9] and M. Vilasecca in [10]. Conversely, fewer investigations have been focused on the development of new tool steels grades capable to improve the wear resistance and the thermal properties that are required for the in-die quenching during forming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological performances of new steel grades for hot stamping tools

Medea

Venturato

Ghiotti

et al. 2017

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. In the last years, the use of High Strength Steels (HSS) as structural parts in car bodyin-white manufacturing has rapidly increased thanks to their favourable strength-to-weight ratio and stiffness, which allow a reduction of the fuel consumption to accommodate the new restricted regulations for CO2 emissions control. The survey of the technical and scientific literature shows a large interest in the development of different coatings for the blanks from the traditional Al-Si up to new Zn-based coatings and on the analysis of hard PVD, CVD coatings and plasma nitriding applied on the tools. By contrast, fewer investigations have been focused on the development and test of new tools steels grades capable to improve the wear resistance and the thermal properties that are required for the in-die quenching during forming. On this base, the paper deals with the analysis and comparison the tribological performances in terms of wear, friction and heat transfer of new tool steel grades for high-temperature applications, characterized by a higher thermal conductivity than the commonly used tools. Testing equipment, procedures as well as measurements analyses to evaluate the friction coefficient, the wear and heat transfer phenomena are presented. Emphasis is given on the physical simulation techniques that were specifically developed to reproduce the thermal and mechanical cycles on the metal sheets and dies as in the industrial practice. The reference industrial process is the direct hot stamping of the 22MnB5 HSS coated with the common Al-Si coating for automotive applications. IntroductionThe increasing demand for fuel-efficient vehicles, improved safety, and crashworthiness [1], has led automotive industry to introduce new alloys in car manufacturing, characterized by a high stiffness and strength-to-weight ratio. To meet the need to form these new materials, hot stamping has been widely applied in the automotive industry [2] to produce car body-in-white parts with a high strength-to-weight ratio, which allows a reduction of the fuel consumption [3] and preserves the passengers' safety. Despite the advantages that the hot stamping leads in terms of (i) shorter process chain, especially in the case of direct hot stamping, (ii) increase of mechanical properties just after the deformation process and without the need of additional heat treatments, (iii) reduction of the total weight of the vehicles thanks to thinner components maintaining the frame stiffness, (iv) high shape precision [4], (v) absence of lubricants that are often hazardous for the environment and require expensive cleaning operations [5], friction and wear become particularly critical for the sheet sliding in the dies cavities and their service life [6] and the heating phase, with the subsequent inevitable contact with air during transport and forming, causes the oxidation and decarburization of the metal sheets [7]. For these reasons, the 22MnB5 steel sheets that

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“…Besides adhesive wear and compaction galling, two and three-body abrasive wear is observed which is caused by hard Al-Si intermetallic compounds in the coating and/or third-body debris such as aluminum oxide particles at the tool-sheet interface (J. Pujante, M. Vilaseca and D. Caellas, et al 2016), (Vilaseca, Pujante and Casellas, et al 2014), (Ghiotti, Sgarabotto and Bruschi 2013), (Medea, Venturato, et al 2017), see Figure 2.6. In production tools, a dynamic process of wear build-up and detachment occurs, resulting in a net adhesion growth (Vilaseca, Pujante and Ramirez 2013). Therefore, it may appear difficult to indentify abrasive wear since the process of adhesive wear may mask the original surface (J. Pujante, M. Vilaseca and D. Caellas, et al 2016).…”

Section: Wear Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Valls et al (Valls and Paar 2008) mention that a coating on the die will significantly decrease sheet coating adhesion, especially if the die surface temperature is low and the surface quality is high with the last polishing steps done in the direction of sheet flow. Vilaseca et al (Vilaseca, Pujante and Ramirez 2013) investigated tool coatings (AlCrN & CrN) on stamping an industrial B-pillar and concluded that the tool coatings significantly reduced the adhesive wear. Many more investigations have been performed with respect to surface treatments and tool coatings, see Table 2.3.…”

Section: Surface Treatments and Tool Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological interactions and modelling of friction in hot stamping

Venema¹

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Investigation into adhesive wear of PVD coated and uncoated hot stamping production tools

Cited by 33 publications

References 8 publications

Pilot Demonstration of Hot Sheet Metal Forming Using 3D Printed Dies

Pilot Demonstration of Hot Sheet Metal Forming Using 3D Printed Dies

Tribological performances of new steel grades for hot stamping tools

Tribological interactions and modelling of friction in hot stamping

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