Investigation and monitoring of heavy metal poisoning

Barlow, Nicola; Bradberry, Sally

doi:10.1136/jcp-2021-207793

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…In cases of suspected toxic exposure, such as to heavy metals or certain medications, toxicology screening can confirm the presence of toxins in the [122]. Additionally, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, obtained through a lumbar puncture, can provide valuable information about infections, inflammation, or other neurological conditions affecting the brain and spinal cord [123].…”

Section: Laboratory Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Secondary Movement Disorders

R. Santos

2024

Preprint

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Secondary movement disorders (SMDs) represent a heterogeneous group of neurological conditions characterized by abnormal, involuntary movements resulting from various underlying causes. This comprehensive review aims to thoroughly understand SMDs, including their epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach, and management strategies. SMDs encompass a spectrum of movement abnormalities, including dystonia, chorea, athetosis, myoclonus, tics, and tremors. They can arise from a multitude of etiologies, such as drug-induced effects, post-infectious processes, metabolic disturbances, and structural brain lesions. The epidemiology of SMDs varies depending on the underlying cause, with some conditions being more prevalent in specific populations or age groups. Understanding the pathophysiology of SMDs is crucial for accurate diagnosis and targeted management. Diagnosing SMDs requires a comprehensive approach, including a detailed history, physical examination, laboratory investigations, neuroimaging studies, and sometimes electrophysiological studies. Management of SMDs is multifaceted and may involve pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and surgical interventions. Individualized treatment plans are essential, considering the underlying cause, severity of symptoms, and patient preferences. Emerging concepts in the field of SMDs include advancements in genetic research, identification of biomarkers, and development of novel therapeutic approaches. There is a growing focus on patient-centered care and improving the quality of life for individuals with SMDs. In conclusion, SMDs pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, requiring a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management. Continued research and collaboration are essential for advancing our understanding and treatment of these complex disorders.

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Section: Laboratory Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Secondary Movement Disorders

R. Santos

2024

Preprint

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“…However, these molecules are ineffective in MeHg detoxification, as they have a low therapeutic window, unable to remove the metal at the intracellular level. They can also cause the redistribution of the same in the body, often causing hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, making it difficult to implement an appropriate treatment therapy in cases of MeHg intoxication [74][75][76].…”

Section: Toxic Effects Of Methylmercury On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylmercury Promotes Oxidative Stress and Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases: Cardiovascular Implications

Eleutério Rodrigues,

de Cássia Pereira da Silva,

Ferraz do Prado

2024

Reactive Oxygen Species - Advances and Developments

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Preclinical and clinical studies worldwide have shown an association between methylmercury (MeHg) poisoning and the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases such as arrhythmias, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. One of the hypotheses raised for MeHg-induced toxicity is associated with redox imbalance, which promotes oxidative stress by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In addition, oxidative stress and organomercurial compounds are capable of activating MMPs. MMP-2 and MMP-9 participate in pathophysiological processes associated with cardiovascular remodeling. A positive correlation between mercury exposure and increased plasma activity of MMP-2 and circulating MMP-9 has been demonstrated, suggesting a possible mechanism that could increase susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases.

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“…Inorganic arsenic‐contaminated drinking water and food are a major public health issue around the world. Chronic exposure to arsenic can have a range of adverse effects on human health including increased risk of cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, cancer, and developmental and reproductive problems (Barlow & Bradberry, 2023; Howarth & Eiser, 2023). In aquatic organisms, arsenic induces formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress and DNA damage that can trigger carcinogenesis (Shen et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression analyses reveal potential mechanism of inorganic arsenic‐induced apoptosis in zebrafish

Silva,

Kudlyk,

Tryndyak

et al. 2023

J of Applied Toxicology

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Our previous study showed that sodium arsenite (200 mg/L) affected the nervous system and induced motor neuron development via the Sonic hedgehog pathway in zebrafish larvae. To gain more insight into the effects of arsenite on other signaling pathways, including apoptosis, we have performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction array‐based gene expression analyses. The 96‐well array plates contained primers for 84 genes representing 10 signaling pathways that regulate several biological functions, including apoptosis. We exposed eggs at 5 h postfertilization until the 72 h postfertilization larval stage to 200 mg/L sodium arsenite. In the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription, nuclear factor κ‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells, and Wingless/Int‐1 signaling pathways, the expression of only one gene in each pathway was significantly altered. The expression of multiple genes was altered in the p53 and oxidative stress pathways. Sodium arsenite induced excessive apoptosis in the larvae. This compelled us to analyze specific genes in the p53 pathway, including cdkn1a, gadd45aa, and gadd45ba. Our data suggest that the p53 pathway is likely responsible for sodium arsenite‐induced apoptosis. In addition, sodium arsenite significantly reduced global DNA methylation in the zebrafish larvae, which may indicate that epigenetic factors could be dysregulated after arsenic exposure. Together, these data elucidate potential mechanisms of arsenic toxicity that could improve understanding of arsenic's effects on human health.

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Investigation and monitoring of heavy metal poisoning

Cited by 6 publications

References 100 publications

A Comprehensive Review of Secondary Movement Disorders

A Comprehensive Review of Secondary Movement Disorders

Methylmercury Promotes Oxidative Stress and Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases: Cardiovascular Implications

Gene expression analyses reveal potential mechanism of inorganic arsenic‐induced apoptosis in zebrafish

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