Investigation and development of a measurement technique for the spatial energy distribution of home-use intense pulsed light (IPL) systems

Thomas, Gareth; Ash, Caerwyn; Hugtenburg, Richard P.; Kiernan, Michael; Town, Godfrey; Clement, Marc

doi:10.3109/03091902.2011.564343

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Clinical efficacy and safety of home‐use laser and IPL devices has also been scrutinised in several review studies including Haedersdal et al, Thaysen‐Petersen et al, and Town et al . Comparative reviews have been published by Hession et al, Hodson, Thomas et al, and Keller .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light‐based home‐use devices for hair removal: Why do they work and how effective they are?

et al. 2019

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Objectives This review has the following objectives: Firstly, it provides an explanation of the evolution of laser/intense pulsed light (IPL) hair reduction modalities from high fluence professional devices to low fluence home‐use appliances. Secondly, it summarises published literature reviews on home‐use devices (HUDs) as evidence of their growing credibility. Thirdly, it proposes mechanistic differences in light delivery regimes and the resulting divergences in mode of action. Materials and Methods An extensive literature search was performed to review the progress of laser/IPL‐induced hair reduction and determine what evidence is available to explain the mode of action of professional and HUDs for hair removal. Establishing the likely biological mode of action of professional high‐fluence systems versus home‐use low‐fluence appliances was performed by combining data obtained using ex vivo hair follicle (HF) organ culture and the clinical results involving human participants. Results Significant basic science and clinical evidence has been published to confirm the clinical efficacy and technical safety of many laser and IPL home‐use devices for hair removal. Clearly, HUDs are different compared to professional systems both in terms of fluence per pulse and in terms of biological mechanisms underlying hair removal. Here we presented data showing that a single low fluence pulse of both 810 nm laser (6.6 J/cm2, 16 ms) and IPL (9 J/cm2, 15 ms and 6.8 J/cm2, 1.9 ms) leads to induction of catagen transition. Catagen transition was characterized by morphological changes similar to what occurs in vivo with occasional detection of apoptosis in the dermal papilla and outer root sheath cells. This suggests that high hair reduction can be expected in vivo and longer‐term treatment might result in HF miniaturization due to a cumulative effect on the dermal papilla and outer root sheath cells. In line with this hypothesis, in this review we demonstrate that long‐term application of a commercially‐available home‐use IPL appliance resulted in persistent hair reduction (80%) one year after last treatment. These data are in line with what was previously reported in the literature, where clinical studies with home‐use IPL appliances demonstrated high efficacy of hair reduction on female legs, armpits and bikini zones, with full hair regrowth after four treatments following cessation of IPL administration. Limitations of HUDs include lack of hair clearance for very dark skin types and low speed of treatment compared with professional devices. Numerous uncontrolled and controlled clinical efficacy studies and technical safety investigations on consumer‐use appliances support many of the leading manufacturers' claims. Analysis & Conclusions Manufacturers make consumer appliances safe and easy to use by considering “human factors,” needs and capabilities of a variety of users. Safety is of primary concern to manufacturers, regulators and standards bodies as these appliances may be accessible to children or their use attempted on uns...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light‐based home‐use devices for hair removal: Why do they work and how effective they are?

et al. 2019

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“…Overall safety issues for domestic devices encompass different aspects, such as human safety, device safety, electrical safety or a combination of any of these. Previous publications have outlined the importance of homogeneity of technical output parameters, such as fluence, pulse duration, spatial distribution, and spectral emission 21–23 . Device safety features include i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous publications have outlined the importance of homogeneity of technical output parameters, such as fluence, pulse duration, spatial distribution, and spectral emission. [21][22][23] Device safety features include i.e. contact sensors, contact switch, auto stand-by and low energy preset, which are essential to minimize the risk of, especially, ocular damage (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of light‐based home‐use devices for hair removal and considerations on human safety

Thaysen-Petersen

Bjerring

Dierickx

et al. 2011

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…has provided a new technique for measuring spatial distribution of IPL systems and such methodology can be adapted for laser and LED devices. Using a CCD camera and a phosphorescent screen to extend the pulse duration, averaged time frames can be analysed using Matlab modelling software where dark reference frames are also taken to minimize noise 12 …”

Section: Spatial Distribution (Homogeneity On Tissue)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines on the safety of light‐based home‐use hair removal devices from the European Society for Laser Dermatology

Town

Ash

Dierickx

et al. 2012

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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In the past 5 years since their US introduction, there has been a rapid proliferation of light-based hair removal devices intended for home-use. In the last 2 years in Europe, sales already run into many tens of thousands of units with well-known multi-national companies entering the market. These guidelines provide a definition of light-based home-use technology, to inform healthcare professionals about home-use light-based technology and encourage manufacturers wishing to sell in Europe to adopt 'best practice'. The review presents the current status on standards and regulation issues and considers home-use safety issues, encompassing human, device and electrical safety, given risks to the eyes and skin from optical radiation both to the consumer and persons in the vicinity.Proposed technical measurement methodology is considered with focus on recognized critical parameters for the safe use of light-based hair removal technology including recording the technical performance and safety claims of a range of home-use hair removal devices. The literature review emphasizes potential adverse incidents and safety aspects of treating cosmetic conditions, such as unwanted hair growth. Although some regulations exist, they differ from region to region and there is a specific need for international common principles and guidelines relating to the manufacture, marketing and use of intense pulsed light and laser devices, including manufacturing standards for home-use products intended, amongst others, for cosmetic hair removal and photo-rejuvenation procedures. In these guidelines, the European Society for Laser Dermatology (ESLD) provides a professional view of what 'best practice' may imply for manufacturers and consumers alike.

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Investigation and development of a measurement technique for the spatial energy distribution of home-use intense pulsed light (IPL) systems

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Light‐based home‐use devices for hair removal: Why do they work and how effective they are?

Light‐based home‐use devices for hair removal: Why do they work and how effective they are?

A systematic review of light‐based home‐use devices for hair removal and considerations on human safety

Guidelines on the safety of light‐based home‐use hair removal devices from the European Society for Laser Dermatology

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