Investigation and Control of Occupational Hazards Associated with the Use of Spirit Duplicators

Frederick, Linda; Schulte, Paul A.; Apol, Arvin

doi:10.1202/0002-8894(1984)045<0051:iacooh>2.3.co;2

Cited by 10 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Other than recurrent headaches, inhaled methanol could also cause visual disturbances (Frederick et al, 1984). However, Kingsley and Hirsch (1955) failed to report whether the workers, exposed to methanol at 210-375 ppm in that study, complained of any visual problems.…”

Section: Subchronic Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In their paper, Kingsley and Hirsch did recognize that optic injury is a feature of methanol poisoning. An analysis of the data of a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) study provides evidence that 391 ppm is probably the lowest-observed-effect level (LOEL) for methanol to cause visual toxicity and headaches (Frederick et al, 1984). In this epidemiology study performed by NIOSH, the prevalence of symptoms in 66 female teacher aides and 66 female teachers of similar age were compared (Frederick et al, 1984).…”

Section: Subchronic Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An analysis of the data of a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) study provides evidence that 391 ppm is probably the lowest-observed-effect level (LOEL) for methanol to cause visual toxicity and headaches (Frederick et al, 1984). In this epidemiology study performed by NIOSH, the prevalence of symptoms in 66 female teacher aides and 66 female teachers of similar age were compared (Frederick et al, 1984). The percentage of work hours spent at spirit duplicating machines that used methanol in poorly ventilated areas ranged from 0 to 90% for the teacher aides and 0 to 20% for the teachers, so the teacher aides presumably were exposed to methanol more often than the teachers.…”

Section: Subchronic Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected Airborne Contaminants, Volume 1

Nasa¹

1994

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Section: Subchronic Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Subchronic Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subchronic Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected Airborne Contaminants, Volume 1

Nasa¹

1994

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“…A health questionnaire survey was conducted and suggested that chronic effects may occur when methanol concentrations exceed the TLV of 260 mg/m3. However additional clinical investigations did not proceed to further define the effects [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…250 ppm averaged over 15 minutes for short-term exposure limit, in 1976, and 6000 ppm for the immediately dangerous concentration to life and health, in 1994 [3]. The more recent epidemiological study on the effect of occupational methanol exposure were conducted by Frederick et al (1984). NIOSH published a study of teacher aides who worked at or near spirit duplicators that used a 99% methanol duplicator fluid for about 3 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Effects of Methanol among Illegally Dispatched Workers at Aluminum CNC cutting process in Small-scale 3rd tier Subcontractor Factories of Smartphone Manufacturers in the Republic of Korea

Kang¹,

Kim²,

Shin³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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An outbreak of occupational methanol poisoning occurred in small-scale 3rd tier factories of large-scale smartphone manufacturer, in the Republic of Korea, in 2016. To investigate the working environment and the health effect of the methanol exposure among co-workers of the methanol poisoning cases, we performed a cross sectional study on 155 workers at the five aluminum CNC cutting factories. Air and urinary methanol concentration were measured by gas chromatography, and health examination included symptoms, ophthalmological examinations and neurobehavioral tests. Multiple logistic regression analyses controlled for age and sex were conducted for revealing association of employment duration with symptoms. Air concentrations of methanol in factory A and E were ranged from 228.5 to 2220.0 ppm. Mean urinary methanol concentrations of the workers in each factory were from 3.5 mg/L up to 91.2 mg/L. The odds ratios for symptom of deteriorating vision and CNS increased, according to the employment duration, after adjusting for age and sex. Four cases with injured optic nerve and two cases with decreased neurobehavioral function were founded among co-workers of the victims. This study showed that the methanol exposure under poor environmental control not only produce eye and CNS symptoms but also affect neurobehavioral function and optic nerve.

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Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Methyl Alcohol

Lanigan¹

2001

International Journal of Toxicology

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Methyl Alcohol is an aliphatic alcohol with use in a few cosmetic formulations as a solvent and denaturant. Concentrations up to 5% are typically used to denature ethyl alcohol in cosmetic products. Methyl Alcohol is readily absorbed through the skin and from the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, is distributed throughout all organs and tissues (in direct relation to the body's water distribution), and is eliminated primarily via the lungs. Undiluted Methyl Alcohol is an ocular and skin irritant. Inhalation studies showed a no-effect level for maternal damage of 10,000 ppm and for teratogenic effects of 5000 ppm. Overall, Methyl Alcohol is not considered mutagenic. Carcinogenicity data were unavailable. The toxicity of Methyl Alcohol in humans results from the metabolism of the alcohol to formate and formic acid through a formaldehyde intermediate. Formate accumulation causes metabolic acidosis and inhibits cellular respiration. Methyl Alcohol toxicity is time and concentration dependent, and its toxic effect is competitively inhibited with ethyl alcohol. Because of the moderating effect of ethyl alcohol, it was concluded that Methyl Alcohol is safe as used to denature ethyl alcohol used in cosmetic products. No conclusion was reached regarding any other use of Methyl Alcohol.Methyl Alcohol is readily absorbed through the skin and from the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, and distribution

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Investigation and Control of Occupational Hazards Associated with the Use of Spirit Duplicators

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected Airborne Contaminants, Volume 1

Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected Airborne Contaminants, Volume 1

Toxic Effects of Methanol among Illegally Dispatched Workers at Aluminum CNC cutting process in Small-scale 3rd tier Subcontractor Factories of Smartphone Manufacturers in the Republic of Korea

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Methyl Alcohol

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