Investigation and analysis of HEp 2 indirect immunofluorescence titers and patterns in various liver diseases

Analysis of antinuclear antibody titers and patterns by using HEp‐2 and primate liver tissue substrate indirect immunofluorescence assay in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases

“…ANA would be reported positive if the fluorescent signal was noticed with a serum dilution ratio of no less than 1:100. The fluorescence patterns were differentiated following the recommendations of ICAP 18 and stated previously 19 . The mixed patterns in our study referred to the existence of two or more patterns, while the other patterns involved the AC‐22, AC‐23, AC‐24, AC‐25, and AC‐29 patterns in the current study.…”

“…AC‐8/9 and AC‐11/12 patterns were often found in SSc. Moreover, AC‐15 and AC‐21 patterns can provide information for liver involvement 19 . These two patterns were also found in SLE patients who had hepatic involvement.…”

“…The fluorescence patterns were differentiated following the recommendations of ICAP 18 and stated previously. 19 The mixed patterns in our study referred to the existence of two or more patterns, while the other patterns…”

“…Moreover, AC-15 and AC-21 patterns can provide information for liver involvement. 19 These two patterns were also found in SLE patients who had hepatic involvement. of ANA, a high false-positive rate for ANA can be expected.…”

Etiopathogenesis and Diagnostic Strategies in Autoimmune Hepatitis

“…The diagnosis is based solely on a combination of clinical, serological, biochemical, and histological findings. One of the most important diagnostic criteria for autoimmune hepatitis is the presence of serum autoantibodies, which can be detected by such methods as: indirect immunofluorescence technique (IIFT) [103], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [104] or immunoblotting [105] (Figure 2). Laboratory tests demonstrate hypergammaglobulinemia and a selective increase in IgG, sometimes a slight increase in IgM, elevated transaminase activity, especially of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), usually 5-fold above normal values.…”