Investigation and analyses of residential heating in the HSCW climate zone of China: Status quo and key features

Guo, Siyue; Yan, Da; Chen, Peng; Cui, Ying; Zhou, Xia; Hu, Shan

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.10.004

Cited by 73 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Consequently, wintertime indoor temperature in northern China is much warmer than that in southern China. For instance, the winter indoor temperature in the “hot summer and cold winter” climate zone can be as low as 8°C . This generalization is supported by many field studies (as listed in the inset table in Fig.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 53%

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Indoor human thermal adaptation: dynamic processes and weighting factors

et al. 2016

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In this study, we explore the correlations between indoor climate change and human thermal adaptation, especially with regard to the timescale and weighting factors of physiological adaptation. A comparative experiment was conducted in China where wintertime indoor climate in the southern region (devoid of space heating) is much colder than in the northern region (with pervasive district heating). Four subject groups with different indoor thermal experiences participated in this climate chamber experiment. The results indicate that previous indoor thermal exposure is an important contributor to occupants' physiological adaptation. More specifically, subjects acclimated to neutral-warm indoors tended to have stronger physiological responses and felt more uncomfortable in moderate cold exposures than those adapted to the cold. As for the driving force of thermal adaptation, physiological acclimation is an important aspect among all the supposed adaptive layers. However, the physiological adaptation speed lags behind changes in the overall subjective perception.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Heating zones and wintertime indoor temperatures in China (based on references Yoshino et al., Luo et al., Guo et al., Wang et al., and Li et al.,)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor human thermal adaptation: dynamic processes and weighting factors

et al. 2016

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“…For instance, China's design standards for energy efficiency of public buildings [31][32][33] is widely used to regulate the energy efficiency of physical assets (envelope, lighting, HVAC) in buildings during design stages. [15] and monitored case study [36], indicates that part time part space mode is the predominant heating behavior in hot summer and cold winter zone of China, instead of full time full space mode. Research based on questionnaire survey and monitoring data [35] indicates that a great gap 7 exists between full time full space settings with real OB.…”

Section: Figure 3 Gaps Between Real Ob and Ob In Regulations A) Buildmentioning

confidence: 95%

A systematic review of occupant behavior in building energy policy

Yan

Azar

et al. 2020

Building and Environment

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127

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Buildings play a dominant role in global efforts towards energy consumption reduction, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission mitigation, as well as global clean energy transition. Building Energy Policies (BEP) improved globally and quickly with a growing number of building codes implemented over the past decade. Occupant Behavior (OB) has significant impacts on building energy performance and occupant comfort, despite often being not well understood and oversimplified in BEPs. This paper highlighted the research needs of properly integrating OB in building energy polices by presenting a literature review to identify the key questions and challenges related to building technical standards and regulations, building information policies, building energy incentives, and policy evaluations and way forward. Challenges and opportunities of OB in BEP are also discussed with respect to technical innovation and digitalization, as well as concerns related to energy efficiency and fairness. There has been growing interests, research and applications in this field, but significant challenges and opportunities still lie ahead. Keywords: Occupant behavior; building energy policy; climate change policy; building energy efficiency;HVAC system 1. Introduction Occupant behavior in building energy policyBuildings play a dominant role in global efforts towards energy consumption reduction, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission mitigation, as well as global clean energy transition. Facing global climate change and national energy security challenges, international agreements, initiatives, and building sector energy policies are providing 2 promising alternatives to the status quo. In recent years, Building Energy Policies (BEP) improved globally and quickly with a growing number of building codes implemented over the past decade. In contrast, global final energy consumption in buildings increased by more than 5% between 2010 and 2017, as energy efficiency gains were outpaced by continued growth in the building sector size and resulting energy service demands [1]. Among various factors, Occupant Behavior (OB) plays an essential role in building energy demand increases and activity growth. In addition, OB has significant impacts on building energy performance and occupant comfort, despite often being not well understood and oversimplified in BEPs due to its stochastic, diverse, complex and interdisciplinary nature [2]. Definition, estimation and intervention of OB become essential research challenges during building energy policy making, implementation and evaluation processes. Real OB US OB China OB EU OB EU regulation China regulation OB in regulation US regulation Country X OB Country X regulation Gap 2 Gap 1 Gap 3

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“…The energy consumption for space heating and cooling systems contributes to 50~60% of residential annual energy consumption [11]. While the thermal efficiency of the envelope of the buildings is relatively poor, implying huge saving potentials in this area [12]. As a result, increasing building envelope efficiency is crucial to reducing primary energy consumption and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions associated with residential buildings in the HSCW zone of China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most research focused on the OTWRB in the HSCW zone of China [22,23], the space heating and cooling equipment is assumed to maintain a comfortable temperature for the whole day over the heating and cooling period. However, according to the results of several investigations [8,12,24,25], there is, in fact, plenty of time when this equipment is not in operation [26]. Moreover, Fang Ruan believed that these two different operation modes of air conditioners (continuous and intermittent) resulted in obvious differences in the operational energy consumption of a building [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Insulation Thickness of External Walls of Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone of China

2020

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It is important to reduce primary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with residential buildings in the hot summer and cold winter (HSCW) zone of China. Changing the insulation thickness of the external walls of residential buildings (ITEWB) is regarded as an effective way to manage such problems within a budget. This paper aims at developing an innovative way to select the optimal insulation thickness of external walls for residential buildings (OTWRB) in the HSCW zone of China, considering economic, energy and greenhouse gas emissions issues associated with the ITEWB. Four different cities and two different operation modes of the air conditioners (continuous and intermittent) are considered in this study. To explain the selection process, typical hypothetical buildings are simulated in Wuhan, Changsha, Hangzhou and Chengdu. Expanded polystyrene is chosen as the material of the insulation layer while split air conditioners are selected as the equipment for space heating and cooling. Integrated Environmental Solutions-Virtual Environment is used for the dynamic operational energy consumption of buildings. Life cycle cost method is adopted to calculate the economic impact of ITEWB on building performance. The Chinese life cycle database is used to quantize the impacts of ITEWB on building performance in the aspect of energy and greenhouse gas emissions based on the life cycle theory. The most appreciated insulation thickness is chosen from the thickness range of 30 mm to 150 mm. We find that for continuous operation mode of air conditioners in Wuhan, the optimal economic insulation thickness is 70 mm, whereas when considering only energy and environmental aspects, the OTWRB is 150 mm. These are all larger than the current insulation thickness which is 30 mm. When the weighting efficiencies of the economy, energy, and greenhouse gas emissions are different, the OTWRB varies from 70 mm to 150 mm for continuous operation mode. The different cities have little influence on the OTWRB while the different operation modes of air conditioners have some influence on the OTWRB.

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Investigation and analyses of residential heating in the HSCW climate zone of China: Status quo and key features

Cited by 73 publications

References 14 publications

Indoor human thermal adaptation: dynamic processes and weighting factors

Indoor human thermal adaptation: dynamic processes and weighting factors

A systematic review of occupant behavior in building energy policy

Optimization of Insulation Thickness of External Walls of Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone of China

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