Investigating various effects of reformer gas enrichment on a natural gas-fueled HCCI combustion engine

Voshtani, Sina; Reyhanian, Masoud; Ehteram, Mohammadali; Hosseini, Vahid

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.09.130

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…In this section the so-called artificial inert species method [29][30][31][32][33] is applied to analyze the chemical, thermal, and dilution effects of both ammonia and water injection. The chemical effect is promoted by the chemical reactions.…”

Section: Artificial Inert Species Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of NOx Reduction Using Ammonia Injection and Comparison with Water Injection

Galdo

Castro-Santos

Vidal³

2020

JMSE

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This work analyzes NO x reduction in a marine diesel engine using ammonia injection directly into the cylinder and compares this procedure with water injection. A numerical model based on the so-called inert species method was applied. It was verified that ammonia injection can provide almost 80% NO x reduction for the conditions analyzed. Furthermore, it was found that the effectiveness of the chemical effect using ammonia is extremely dependent on the injection timing. The optimum NO x reduction was obtained when ammonia is injected during the expansion stroke, while the optimum injection timing using water is near top dead center. Chemical, thermal, and dilution effects of both ammonia and water injection were compared. The chemical effect was dominant in the case of ammonia injection. On the other hand, water injection reduces NO x through dilution and, more significantly, through a thermal effect.that the main factors that influence NO x formation are the temperatures reached in the combustion process and the amount of time in which the combustion gases remain at high temperatures [5][6][7]. Based on this, primary measures focus on addressing these factors and reducing the concentrations of oxygen and nitrogen [8,9]. Well-known primary measures are exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), Miller timing, common rail, modification of injection and other parameters of the engine, and water addition. Water can be introduced as a fuel-water emulsion injected via the fuel valve, through separate nozzles or by humidifying the scavenge air. Despite the extensive research on primary measures along the recent years, a procedure to reduce NO x without decreasing emission of other pollutants and/or consumption has not effectively been developed. In this regard, secondary measures reduce NO x from the flue gas through downstream cleaning techniques. Many applications have been undertaken to reduce NO x by selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR). The disadvantages of SCR are its price, poor durability of catalysts, and deposition of particulate on the catalyst. These disadvantages are not present in SNCR, but this procedure is limited to a narrow temperature range with optimal temperatures that are much higher than those characteristic of flue gas from diesel engines [10]. This limitation constitutes a drawback for practical applications in exhaust gases from diesel engines. As SCR reducing agents, ammonia (NH 3 ), urea, and cyanuric acid have been extensively employed. SNCR using ammonia, urea, and cyanuric acid are known as DeNO x [11,12], NO x OUT [13,14], and RAPRENO [15-17], respectively. Between these, this work focuses on NO x reduction using ammonia. The NO x reduction capabilities of ammonia were discovered in the seventies by Lyon [18], who found that ammonia selectively reduces NO x without a catalyst over the temperature range of 1100-1400 K. Typical exhaust gas temperatures from marine engines, around 300-450 • C [19], remain considerably lower than this optimal temperature ra...

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Section: Artificial Inert Species Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of NOx Reduction Using Ammonia Injection and Comparison with Water Injection

Galdo

Castro-Santos

Vidal³

2020

JMSE

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“…The effects of RG on the n-heptane combustion can be divided into three main groups: chemical, dilution and thermal effects [28]. In the present study, the role of each type of effect was specified based on the approach of Guo and Neill [29].…”

Section: Different Effects Of Rg On Availability Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the effect of reformer gas on availability terms and waste heat recovery from exhaust gases of an HCCI engine considering radiation heat transfer

Neshat

Asghari

2019

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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The main purpose of the current study is to investigate the different effects of reformer gas on different availability terms and the capacity of waste heat recovery from a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine. A validated multizone model is utilized for HCCI engine simulation. Mass transfer and conductive heat transfer are considered between zones, and convection and radiation are considered between near-wall zone and combustion chamber walls. Four different percentages of reformer gas (0-30%) are added to main fuel, and its effects on the different availability terms are discussed. Thermomechanical availability, chemical availability, availability of work, availability loss due to convection heat transfer, availability loss due to radiation heat transfer and irreversibility are calculated. Thermal, dilution and chemical effects of reformer gas are computed separately. The results indicated that by reformer gas addition to main fuel, inlet chemical availability and availability of work reduce. Heat loss availability reduces by reformer gas addition. Irreversibility decreases by reformer gas addition and second law efficiency increases slightly. The total utilization efficiency of HCCI engines increases by reformer gas addition. The results showed that the dilution effect of RG on availability terms is more significant than its chemical and thermal effects. The dilution effect reduces both engine-produced work and second law efficiency.

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“…To address these concerns, combustion systems have evolved over time, implementing a wide variety of approaches. Fuels are broadly utilized in premixed [1][2][3][4] and non-premixed combustion [5][6][7][8][9] using gas turbines and different forms of internal combustion (IC) engines such as spark ignition (SI) [10][11][12], homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) [13][14][15], and reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) [16,17]. Natural gas, as one of the cleanest fossil fuels, is one of the main sources of energy production and electricity generation in the United States and abroad.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Effect of Electrode Surface Roughness on Spark Ignition

Morovatiyan

Shahsavan

Shen

et al. 2018

Volume 1: Large Bore Engines; Fuels; Advanced Combustion

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Lean-burn engines are important due to their ability to reduce emissions, increase fuel efficiency, and mitigate engine knock. In this study, the surface roughness of spark plug electrodes is investigated as a potential avenue to extend the lean flammability limit of natural gas. A nano-/micro-morphology modification is applied on surface of the spark plug electrode to increase its surface roughness. High-speed Z-type Schlieren visualization is used to investigate the effect of the electrode surface roughness on the spark ignition process in a premixed methane-air charge at different lean equivalence ratios. In order to observe the onset of ignition and flame kernel behavior, experiments were conducted in an optically accessible constant volume combustion chamber at ambient pressures and temperatures. The results indicate that the lean flammability limit of spark-ignited methane can be lowered by modulating the surface roughness of the spark plug electrode.

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Investigating various effects of reformer gas enrichment on a natural gas-fueled HCCI combustion engine

Cited by 32 publications

References 28 publications

Numerical Analysis of NOx Reduction Using Ammonia Injection and Comparison with Water Injection

Numerical Analysis of NOx Reduction Using Ammonia Injection and Comparison with Water Injection

Investigation on the effect of reformer gas on availability terms and waste heat recovery from exhaust gases of an HCCI engine considering radiation heat transfer

Investigation of the Effect of Electrode Surface Roughness on Spark Ignition

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