We investigate the use of UV-pump-UV-probe schemes to trace the evolution of nuclear wave packets in excited molecular states by analyzing the asymmetry of the electron angular distributions resulting from dissociative ionization. The asymmetry results from the coherent superposition of gerade and ungerade states of the remaining molecular ion in the region where the nuclear wave packet launched by the pump pulse in the neutral molecule is located. Hence, the variation of this asymmetry with the time delay between the pump and the probe pulses parallels that of the moving wave packet and, consequently, can be used to clock its field-free evolution. The performance of this method is illustrated for the H 2 molecule. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.063009 PACS numbers: 33.80.Àb, 82.53.Eb The rapid development of ultrashort laser pulses combined with optical pump-probe spectroscopy has opened the way for controlling and manipulating electron (and nuclear) dynamics in atoms (and molecules). For molecules, recent advances in coherent pulse control, as carrierenvelope phase stabilization, has triggered the interest in steering and tracing electron motion upon ionization by means of intense IR fields [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. They have also suggested that the analysis of the vibrational population of the remaining molecular ion can be used as a clock for the recollision events [5,6]. More recent experiments have made use of few-cycle IR probe pulses on molecules ionized by a single attosecond pulse [8] or a train of attosecond pulses [9,10]. In all the above experiments, H 2 and D 2 molecular targets were used, which is the natural choice in view of the many variables potentially intervening in these kinds of problems and the need for theoretical support to understand the ensuing dynamics and to suggest alternative mechanisms of control [8,10,11].In the control schemes mentioned above, the dynamics is mostly driven by the strong IR field. An alternative procedure that allows one to explore field-free molecular dynamics is to use XUV pump-XUV probe schemes [12,13], which have been successfully employed to image nuclear wave packets (NWPs) of the D þ 2 ion in experiments leading to the Coulomb explosion (CE) of D 2 [14,15]. Free electron lasers provide such femtosecond (fs) pulses in vacuum ultraviolet and soft x-ray energy domains [16] and new facilities are expected to generate fs pulses in a wider photon energy range (12-124 eV) [17]. In spite of the relatively high intensity of the light generated by these lasers, its short wavelength ensures that the field-induced potential is much smaller than the electron-nucleus and electron-electron potentials (perturbative regime [18]), so the dynamics of the NWP is exclusively driven by the unperturbed molecular potential.In this work we focus on the use of UV pulses to trace the NWP generated in excited states of neutral molecules. We will show how to use a UV-pump-UV-probe scheme with identical single pulses to trace the evolution of the NWP generated by the pump pulse in the ...