Investigating the Willingness to Pay for a Contributory National Health Insurance Scheme in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Stated Preference Approach

Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled; Vaidya, Kirit; Alsharqi, Omar; Onwujekwe, Obinna

doi:10.1007/s40258-017-0366-2

Cited by 44 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The study also found that self‐reported diabetes incidence was higher among less well‐educated people compared with better educated people. The possible reason for this could be that more highly educated people have a greater awareness of health‐related issues and have better health‐seeking behaviours compared with less well‐educated participants . Despite the fact that the health care services in the KSA are provided free at the point of use, the study found that the prevalence of diabetes was concentrated among poorer people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Socio‐economic inequalities in diabetes prevalence in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Al-Hanawi

Chirwa

Pulok

2019

Health Planning & Management

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Summary Background Rising prevalence of non‐communicable diseases, including diabetes in the Middle East, is a major public health concern of the 21st century. However, there is a paucity of literature to understand and measure socio‐economic inequalities in diabetes prevalence in this region, including the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods This study investigated socio‐economic inequalities in diabetes prevalence in the KSA using data from the Saudi Arabia Health Interview Survey. Concentration curve, concentration index, and multivariate logistic regression were used to measure and examine income‐ and education‐related inequalities in diabetes prevalence. Results The results showed significant socio‐economic inequalities in the prevalence of diabetes through analysing a nationally representative sample of the KSA population. Diabetes prevalence was concentrated among the poor and among people with less education. In addition, education‐related inequality was higher than income‐related inequality. Conclusions The findings of this study are important for policymakers to combat both the increasing prevalence of and socio‐economic inequalities in diabetes. The government should promote health education programmes and increase the level of public awareness of diabetes management, especially among the lower educated population in the KSA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Socio‐economic inequalities in diabetes prevalence in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Al-Hanawi

Chirwa

Pulok

2019

Health Planning & Management

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“…42 Between 1995 and 2016, the absolute increase in health spending per capita, (in 2016 USD) was around 1257 (from 1185 USD to 1336 USD), whereas the increase in OOP spending per total health spending was 14.2% (12.4% to 16.2%). 43 As the cost of healthcare among individuals is on the rise and the cost of free healthcare is steadily becoming unsustainable, 40 the government has put the introduction of national health insurance on the table. It has not been implemented yet, but people have shown greater willingness to contribute (69.6% of the population are willing to pay a mean of 50 Saudi Riyal (USD 13.33)).…”

Section: The Healthcare Accessibility Situation In the Ksamentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Effects of Financial Inclusion on Access to Emergency Funds for Healthcare in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</p>

Al-Hanawi

Chirwa

Kamninga

et al. 2020

JMDH

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Background: Having access to convenient and quality healthcare at all times is not only a human right but also a goal that many countries strive to achieve for their population. However, access to healthcare might face blocks in the presence of financial exclusions. Saudi Arabia has, over the years, continued to pursue policy and system reforms to enhance its population's access to financial inclusion, as well as proper health coverage to improve health outcomes. This study seeks to estimate the effects of financial inclusion on the financial hardships in accessing healthcare in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study uses a nationally representative survey conducted with 1009 adults, using the 2017 World Bank Global Findex Study data. The study estimates the conditional probability of coming up with emergency funds and the conditional probability of borrowing for medical purposes to understand access to healthcare. A composite value is created for financial inclusion using several variables for individuals' interactions with financial institutions, such as access to financial services and loans. Results: The results revealed that financially included individuals have a higher conditional probability of both borrowing for medical purposes and coming up with emergency funds, compared to those who are financially excluded. Additionally, the study showed that individuals in low-income brackets are more likely to be financially excluded and have a reduced chance of coming up with emergency funds and borrowing for medical purposes. Conclusion: These findings indicate that there is need for authorities to roll out a financial inclusion drive that will not only incentivise the financially excluded population to become included but that will also aim at promoting various financial products so that those who are already financially included have a wide range from which they can choose.

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“…Data on the WTP for the additional QALY gained from the lifesaving treatment using the EQ-5D-3L and VAS methods were positively skewed. Similar to previous studies (26)(27)(28)(29), our study applied the Tobit regression model to explore the relationship between the WTP for the additional QALY gained and the explanatory variables and to handle the limitation that might arise when using the other models. We also estimated the marginal effect of the * and * * , where * is the explained marginal effects for the probability of being Approximately two-thirds (65%) of the respondents were willing to pay for life-saving treatment for themselves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploratory study to estimate cost-effectiveness threshold value for life saving treatments in western Iran

Moradi¹,

Woldemichael²,

Malekian³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Cost-effectiveness analysis provides a crucial means for evidence-informed decision-making on resource allocation. This study aims to elicit individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for one additional quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained from life-saving treatment and associated factors in Kermanshah city, western Iran.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on a total of 847 adults aged 18 years and above to elicit their WTP for one additional QALY gained by oneself and a family member using a hypothetical life-saving treatment. We used a multistage sampling technique to select the samples, and the Iranian version of EQ-5D-3L, and visual analogue scale (VAS) measures was used to obtain the participants’ health utility value. The Tobit regression model was used to identify the factors affecting WTP per QALY values.Results: The mean WTP value and standard deviation (SD) was US$ 862 (3,224) for the respondents and US$ 1,355 (3,993) for the family members. The mean utility values using EQ-5D-3L and VAS methods were 0.779 and 0.800, respectively. Besides, Tthe WTP for the additional QALY gained by the individual participants using the EQ-5D-3L and VAS methods were respectively US$ 1,202 and US$ 1,101, while the estimated value of the family members was US$ 1,355 (SD= 3,993). The Tobit regression models indicated that monthly income, education level, sex, and birthplace were statistically significantly associated (p < 0.05) with both the WTP for the extra QALY values using the EQ-5D-3L and the VAS methods. Besides, eEducational level and monthly income also showed statistically significant relationships with the WTP for the additional QALY gained by the family members (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the participants' WTP value of the additional QALY gained from the hypothetical life-saving treatment was in the range of 0.20 to 0.24 of the Iran’s gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of Iran. This value, which is far lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended CE threshold value of one. This wide gap reflects the challenges the health system is facing and requires further research for defining the most appropriate CE threshold at the local level.

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Investigating the Willingness to Pay for a Contributory National Health Insurance Scheme in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Stated Preference Approach

Cited by 44 publications

References 37 publications

Socio‐economic inequalities in diabetes prevalence in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Socio‐economic inequalities in diabetes prevalence in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

<p>Effects of Financial Inclusion on Access to Emergency Funds for Healthcare in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</p>

An exploratory study to estimate cost-effectiveness threshold value for life saving treatments in western Iran

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