Investigating the Use of Recycled Pork Fat-Based Biodiesel in Aviation Turbo Engines

Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of the possibility of using recycled pork fat-based biodiesel as fuel for aviation turbo-engines. The analysis consists of the assessment of four blends of Jet A kerosene with 10%, 30%, 50%, and 100% biodiesel and pure Jet A that was used as reference in the study. The first part of the paper presents the physical-chemical properties of the blends: density, viscosity, flash point, freezing point, and calorific power. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, a benchmark was performed on the mixtures of Jet A with 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, and 100% biodiesel compared with Jet A. The second part of the paper presents the test results of these blends used for fuelling a Jet Cat P80 turbo engine at the Turbo Engines Laboratory of the Aerospace Engineering Faculty of Polyethnic University of Bucharest. These functional tests were performed using different operating regimes as follows: idle, cruise, intermediate, and maximum. For each regime, a testing period of around 1 min was selected and the engine parameters were monitored during the test execution. The burning efficiency was calculated for the maximum regime for all mixtures. To evaluate the functioning stability of the turbo engine using biodiesel, two accelerometers were mounted on the engine support that recorded the radial and axial vibrations. Moreover, to assess the burning stability and to identify other acoustic spectral components when biodiesel is used, two microphones were placed near the jet region. A comparative analysis between blends was made by taking the Jet A fuel as reference.

Utilization of Jatropha oil as a lubricant

“…The measure of oil's flow characteristics though the significance of viscosity test results has been considered from the standpoint of new oils, these tests also have an essential place in the evaluation of base oils, as well as used formulated oils. In the present work, the kinematic viscosity of fresh Jatropha and modified Jatropha oil samples were determined according to the ASTM Standard D445-04 [9] and ASTM standard D446-04 [10] using U-tube viscometers at a constant temperature Flash point of the fresh oil samples was determined according to the ASTM Standard D92-05a [11].…”

Sustainable biodiesel from flex-mix feedstock and its combustion in a VCR-CRDI engine with variable exhaust gas recirculation and injection pressure

“…NO x and smoke emissions decreased by 20% and 60% with a 10% blend of PF with diesel, whereas hydrocarbon (HC) emissions increased by 54%. Cican et al [12] studied PF-based biodiesel in aviation fuel at fractions of 10%, 30%, 50% and 100% with JetA kerosene. It was observed that the addition of PF biodiesel increases the freezing point of the blend and thus necessitates heating at higher altitudes.…”

“…It was also observed that the noise and vibration level with the biodiesel blend are within the limits of functionality. Although studies are available on different routes of production of PF biodiesel, only limited research is available on the effects of PF biodiesel in engine application [12].…”

An Experimental Investigation to Use the Biodiesel Resulting from Recycled Sunflower Oil, and Sunflower Oil with Palm Oil as Fuels for Aviation Turbo-Engines

“…Several studies have been conducted aiming to assess the use of alternative fuels in turbo engines, consisting of both in lab and in-flight assessment [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Other studies that are evaluating the combustion and gaseous emissions of bio-jet fuel blends in a gas turbine combustor are described in [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”