Investigating the typicality of the dynamics leading to extreme temperatures in the IPSL-CM6A-LR model

Abstract

Determining the underlying mechanisms leading to extreme events in dynamical systems is a challenging task. Under mild hypotheses, large deviations theory predicts that as one increases the threshold defining an extreme, dynamical trajectories which reach the extreme will look more and more like one another: they converge towards a typical, i.e. most probable, one called the instanton. In this paper, we use a 2000-year simulation of the IPSL-CM6A-LR model under a stationary pre-industrial climate to test this prediction on the case of hot extremes. We investigate whether the physical mechanisms leading to extreme temperatures at four locations in Europe are more similar with increasing extreme temperatures. Our results show that most physical variables exhibit the expected convergence towards a most probable trajectory, with some geographical and temporal variations. In particular, we observe the presence of a cut-off low in some trajectories, which suggests the existence of multiple pathways leading to extreme temperatures. These findings confirm the relevance of instanton dynamics in understanding the physical mechanisms driving extreme events in climate models.

A CMIP6 Multi-Model Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on Severe Meteorological Droughts through Multiple Drought Indices—Case Study of Iran’s Metropolises

“…This rigorous process of model selection is designed to ensure that subsequent climate forecasts are built upon a solid and credible base of empirical accuracy. In the body of existing research, other researchers have applied identical GCMs as those utilized in this study to explore various global regions [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]. In the next step, this research advanced to the stage of projecting future climate conditions.…”