In order to refine both primary and eutectic Si in the A390 aluminum alloy to improve the mechanical properties, a combined process of the serpentine pouring channel (SPC) and Sb-modifier was developed to prepare a semi-solid slurry for the rheological high pressure die casting (Rheo-HPDC). The results indicate that the refinement of primary Si particles (PSPs) is attributed to the chilling and selfstirring induced by the SPC. Antimony has a negligible effect on the size of the PSPs and plays an important role in the refinement of eutectic Si. The Sb-rich intermetallic compounds (i.e., AlSb and Mg 3 Sb 2 ) cannot act as a heterogeneous nucleation site for the PSPs. The AlSb phase enclosed in the PSPs becomes the crack initiation of the PSPs. The refinement of primary and eutectic Si as well as the preparation temperature of semi-solid slurry (T PS ) are the crucial reasons for improving the mechanical properties of Rheo-HPDC A390-xSb alloy. The optimal ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation (El) are 257 ± 6 MPa and 0.52 ± 0.04%, respectively, for the Rheo-HPDC A390-0.3 wt.% Sb at T PS of 680 °C.