Investigating the role of a Verticillium fungicola β-1,6-glucanase during infection of Agaricus bisporus using targeted gene disruption

Tvbgn3, a β-1,6-Glucanase from the Biocontrol Fungus Trichoderma virens , Is Involved in Mycoparasitism and Control of Pythium ultimum

“…Lack of a significant difference in growth of P. ultimum between the untreated control and the treatment with proteins from the disruptant strains suggests a very important role of ␤-1,6-glucanase in mycoparasitic activity of T. virens against this pathogen. Similar findings were obtained when the gene encoding ␤-1,6-glucanase from the pathogenic fungus V. fungicola was disrupted; the mycoparasitic ability with A. bisporus was markedly reduced (1).…”

-mediated transformation leads to improved gene replacement efficiency in

“…Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was shown to be suitable for gene replacement in various Wlamentous fungi (Amey et al, 2003;Dobinson et al, 2003;Zeilinger, 2003;Zhang et al, 2003;Zwiers and De Waard, 2001). In this study, we have compared the frequency of gene replacement obtained using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to protoplast CaCl 2 /PEG transformation.…”

“…The Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method resulted in higher transformation frequencies for most Wlamentous fungi when compared to conventional methods as well as in the development of transformation systems for fungi, such as Helminthosporium turcicum and Agaricus bisporus (Lange), which were not possible to transform with the conventional methods (Amey et al, 2002;de Groot et al, 1998;Degefu and Hanif, 2003;Meyer et al, 2003;Mikosch et al, 2001). Furthermore, it has been shown that DNA delivered to yeast and Wlamentous fungi using the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system promoted homologous recombination in Kluyveromyces lactis, Mycosphaerella graminicola, Glarea lozoyensis, Verticillium fungicola, Trichoderma atroviride, and Verticillium dahliae (Amey et al, 2003;Bundock et al, 1999;Dobinson et al, 2003;Zeilinger, 2003;Zhang et al, 2003;Zwiers and De Waard, 2001). However, a systematic comparison of homologous recombination frequencies obtained by Agrobacteriummediated transformation to those obtained by the conventional (CaCl 2 /PEG) protoplast transformation method has not been carried out for Wlamentous fungi.…”

Transcription regulation of the Pbgp43 gene by nitrogen in the human pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

“…Hence, it would not be surprising to find mechanisms of gene regulation that are associated with b-glucanases, as much as mechanisms not described for b-glucanase genes: there is apparently only one example of exoglucanase in the literature, specifically gluc78 from Trichoderma atroviride, whose expression can be regulated under conditions of nitrogen starvation (Donzelli and Harman, 2001). However, multiple NIT2-like motifs are present in the promoter region of, for e.g., b-1,6-glucanase gene from Verticillium fungicola (Amey et al, 2003), and of putative b-1,3-glucanase genes from H. capsulatum, A. fumigatus, and A. nidulans, as detected in this work. A pathway-specific transcription factor in the PbGP43 promoter is unknown; however the presence of an inducer molecule (specific signal) associated with a global signal (generally low levels of glucose) is considered to be essential for full expression of b-glucanases in fungi.…”