Investigating the relationship of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus RNA detection between adult/sow farm and wean-to-market age categories

Jiang, Yiqun; Li, Qing; Trevisan, Giovani; Linhares, Daniel; MacKenzie, Cameron A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253429

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Despite the expansion of the pig industry, the increase in intensity and the continuous improvement of feeding and management conditions, the prevention and control of porcine viral infectious diseases such as porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) (Lee 2016), porcine pseudorabies (PR) (Tan et al 2021) and porcine reproductive and respiratory disorder syndrome (PRRS) (Jiang et al 2021) remain difficult to prevent and control. These diseases cause huge economic losses to the pig industry and pose serious environmental and biosecurity threats (Liu et al 2020;Wang et al 2020a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese herbal extracts with antiviral activity: evaluation, mechanisms, and potential for preventing PRV, PEDV and PRRSV infections

Sun,

Li,

Liu

et al. 2023

Animal Diseases

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The rapid expansion of large-scale pig farming has brought about a surge in viral diseases with high morbidity rates and diverse manifestations. This widespread occurrence of multiple viral diseases in pig farms has inflicted severe economic losses on the global swine industry. Consequently, there is an urgent need for eco-friendly and efficient antiviral drugs that can effectively combat viruses and prevent diseases such as PEDV, PRRSV, PRV, and other viral infections. To this end, we conducted a study on the antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of eleven different Chinese herbal extracts (CHE) against PRV. In vitro testing of several extracts, namely, Echinacea, Ilex purpurea Hassk, Ganoderma lucidum Kars, Taraxacum mongolicum, and Ilex rotunda Thunb, exhibited remarkable inhibition of PRV infection without causing any cytotoxic effects. Specifically, their antiviral selectivity indexes were significantly higher, with values ranging from 6- to 144-fold. The antiviral efficacy of five CHEs was evaluated against other RNA viruses, including PRRSV and PEDV. The extracts showed substantial inhibition of PEDV and PRRSV proliferation. Echinacea and Ilex purpurea Hassk extracts exhibited the highest virus inhibitory effects. To understand the antiviral mechanisms underlying their potent activity, a time-of-addition experiment was conducted. The results indicated that these extracts effectively targeted the early infection and postinfection stages of PRV, PEDV, and PRRSV. The study found that the Chinese herbal extracts, Echinacea and Ilex purpurea Hassk, had both direct and indirect effects on virus particles and cellular targets, demonstrating broad-spectrum antiviral activity against multiple clinical strains of PRV and PEDV. These findings provide a strong foundation for the development of herbal medicines to prevent and treat infections caused by PRV, PEDV and PRRSV in the swine industry. The identified extracts show great promise for the formulation of effective and environmentally friendly antiviral interventions. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese herbal extracts with antiviral activity: evaluation, mechanisms, and potential for preventing PRV, PEDV and PRRSV infections

Sun,

Li,

Liu

et al. 2023

Animal Diseases

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Infection dynamics and incidence of wild-type porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in growing pig herds in the U.S. Midwest

Angulo

Yang

Rovira

et al. 2023

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Monitoring emerging pathogens using negative nucleic acid test results from endemic pathogens in pig populations: Application to porcine enteric coronaviruses

Serafini Poeta Silva,

Arruda Cezar,

Sousa Magalhães

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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This study evaluated the use of endemic enteric coronaviruses polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-negative testing results as an alternative approach to detect the emergence of animal health threats with similar clinical diseases presentation. This retrospective study, conducted in the United States, used PCR-negative testing results from porcine samples tested at six veterinary diagnostic laboratories. As a proof of concept, the database was first searched for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) negative submissions between January 1st, 2010, through April 29th, 2013, when the first porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) case was diagnosed. Secondly, TGEV- and PEDV-negative submissions were used to detect the porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) emergence in 2014. Lastly, encountered best detection algorithms were implemented to prospectively monitor the 2023 enteric coronavirus-negative submissions. Time series (weekly TGEV-negative counts) and Seasonal Autoregressive-Integrated Moving-Average (SARIMA) were used to control for outliers, trends, and seasonality. The SARIMA’s fitted and residuals were then subjected to anomaly detection algorithms (EARS, EWMA, CUSUM, Farrington) to identify alarms, defined as weeks of higher TGEV-negativity than what was predicted by models preceding the PEDV emergence. The best-performing detection algorithms had the lowest false alarms (number of alarms detected during the baseline) and highest time to detect (number of weeks between the first alarm and PEDV emergence). The best-performing detection algorithms were CUSUM, EWMA, and Farrington flexible using SARIMA fitted values, having a lower false alarm rate and identified alarms 4 to 17 weeks before PEDV and PDCoV emergences. No alarms were identified in the 2023 enteric negative testing results. The negative-based monitoring system functioned in the case of PEDV propagating epidemic and in the presence of a concurrent propagating epidemic with the PDCoV emergence. It demonstrated its applicability as an additional tool for diagnostic data monitoring of emergent pathogens having similar clinical disease as the monitored endemic pathogens.

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Investigating the relationship of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus RNA detection between adult/sow farm and wean-to-market age categories

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Chinese herbal extracts with antiviral activity: evaluation, mechanisms, and potential for preventing PRV, PEDV and PRRSV infections

Chinese herbal extracts with antiviral activity: evaluation, mechanisms, and potential for preventing PRV, PEDV and PRRSV infections

Infection dynamics and incidence of wild-type porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in growing pig herds in the U.S. Midwest

Monitoring emerging pathogens using negative nucleic acid test results from endemic pathogens in pig populations: Application to porcine enteric coronaviruses

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