Investigating the relationship between working memory and emotion regulation in mothers

Rutherford, Helena J. V.; Booth, Cortney R.; Crowley, Michael J.; Mayes, Linda C.

doi:10.1080/20445911.2015.1075542

Cited by 23 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…However, psychological distress was significantly related to PRF. In accordance with our results, previous studies have reported that psychological distress may exhaust emotion regulation capacities so that it decreases the effectiveness of EF components and PRF (Heim, Shugart, Craighead, & Nemeroff, 2010;Rutherford, Booth, Crowley, & Mayes, 2016).…”

Section: Partsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Working memory refers to the capacity to remain emotionally regulated when processing new and unknown information, as well as integrating information from multiple sources (Schmeichel, Volokhov, & Demaree, 2008). Therefore, working memory is an important capacity in caregiving (Gonzalez, 2015) and emotion regulation (Rutherford et al, 2016). Working memory is required for complex cognitive tasks such as reasoning and problem solving (Miyake, Friedman, Emerson, Witzki, Howerter et al, 2000;Miyake & Shah, 1999), and considered an essential capacity for reflective learning in childhood (Zelazo, 2015).…”

Section: Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parental reflective functioning and executive functioning in mothers with substance use disorder

Håkansson

Söderström

Watten

et al. 2017

Attachment & Human Development

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Having a substance use disorder (SUD) may adversely affect caregiving capacities. Reflective functioning (RF) and executive functioning (EF) are both important capacities for sensitive parenting, and are often impaired in a SUD. Only a few studies have explored the possible association between the two phenomena. In this study, we used a neuropsychological test battery to assess EF, and the Parent Development Interview to assess RF in a sample of mothers with a SUD (N = 43). Although parental RF (PRF) was associated with EF, when controlled for intelligence (IQ) and mental health, there was no significant association between EF and PRF. Mental health, however, showed a significant negative association with PRF. Splitting the group in two based on PRF level, mothers with a negative to low PRF exhibited more severe difficulties in SUD-related aspects, as well as in several EF components, compared to mothers with an adequate to high PRF, highlighting the association between EF and PRF. The results from this study contribute to enhance our understanding of the dynamics underlying vulnerability in PRF that mothers with small children may experience. We suggest EF to be a prerequisite for adequate PRF, and for interventions to be customized accordingly regarding parents with a SUD.

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Section: Partsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental reflective functioning and executive functioning in mothers with substance use disorder

Håkansson

Söderström

Watten

et al. 2017

Attachment & Human Development

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“…Our results indicate that the ability to keep information in mind and integrate current content with new information might be particularly important for managing psychological distress in mothers with SUD. Supporting our results, weak working memory skills has been associated with difficulties in emotion regulation strategies in mothers (Rutherford, Booth, Crowley, & Mayes, ; Sheinkopf et al, ). Therefore, it is possible that high psychological distress adversely affects parental stress.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The association between executive functioning and parental stress and psychological distress is mediated by parental reflective functioning in mothers with substance use disorder

et al. 2019

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Mothers with a substance use disorder (SUD) have been found to exhibit heightened experience of stress and deficits in executive functioning (EF) and in parental reflective functioning (PRF). Although experiences of stress, EF and PRF are important for caregiving capacities; no studies have explored associations between the phenomena in mothers with SUD. This study aimed to examine the association between EF (working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility) and different forms of stress (parental stress, general life stress, and psychological distress) in 43 mothers with SUD with infants. We further aimed to investigate whether PRF had a mediating function between EF and the experience of stress. The mothers completed selfreport questionnaires regarding experiences of different types of stress, and we also used neuropsychological tests to assess EF and a semistructured interview to assess PRF. Results identified problems in EF were associated with higher parental stress and psychological distress but not with general life stress. Cognitive flexibility contributed uniquely to variance in parental stress, whereas working memory was a unique contributor to variance in psychological distress. PRF had a mediating function between EF and parental stress and between EF and psychological distress. Findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences in PRF when targeting EF in interventions trying to reduce the experience of parental stress and psychological distress in mothers with SUD.

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“…Executive functioning in general (Schmeichel & Tang, 2015;Wante et al, 2017) and working memory in particular have been linked with emotion regulation in most (McRae et al, 2012b;Opitz et al, 2014;Rutherford et al, 2016;Schweizer et al, 2011;Schweizer et al, 2013;Schweizer et al, 2017) but not all studies (Dubert et al, 2016;Gyurak et al, 2009;Gyurak et al, 2012;Marceau et al, 2018). Working memory's association with emotion regulation abilities has been documented in infants/toddlers (Wolfe & Bell, 2007), adolescents (Schweizer et al, 2017) and adults (e.g., Schmeichel et al, 2008;Sperduti et al, 2017;Xiu et al, 2016) using a wide range of methodologies, including physiological markers (e.g., Sperduti et al, 2017), the ability to suppress facial expressions during experimental tasks (e.g., Schmeichel et al, 2008), and self-report and other-informant questionnaires (e.g., Rutherford et al, 2016). Emotion regulation also seems to rely on many of the same frontoparietal neural networks (Banich et al, 2009;Wager et al, 2008) that are involved in performance on working memory tasks (Brass et al, 2005;Miller, 2000;Owen et al, 2005).…”

Section: Working Memory and Emotion Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Examination of Relations Among Working Memory, ADHD Symptoms, and Emotion Regulation

Groves

Kofler

Wells

et al. 2020

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Emotion regulation difficulties are present in many, if not most, children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and confer risk for a host of adverse outcomes. Little is known, however, regarding the neurocognitive and behavioral mechanisms that underlie these difficulties. A well-characterized, clinically evaluated sample of 145 children ages 8-13 years (M=10.33, SD=1.47; 55 girls; 69% White/non-Hispanic) were administered multiple, counterbalanced working memory tests and assessed for emotion dysregulation and ADHD symptoms via multipleinformant reports. Bias-corrected, bootstrapped conditional effects modeling indicated that underdeveloped working memory exerted significant direct effects on emotion regulation in all tested models as well as indirect effects on emotion regulation via parent-reported hyperactive/ impulsive symptoms (95% CIs excluded zero). Interestingly, hyperactive/impulsive symptoms also predicted emotion dysregulation when controlling for the influence of working memory. Inattention failed to predict emotion regulation difficulties in all tested models (all 95% CIs included zero). This pattern of results replicated across parent and teacher models and were robust to control for mono-informant bias, age, and gender. These findings suggest that emotion dysregulation in ADHD reflects, in part, both a direct outcome of underdeveloped working memory and an affective outcome of hyperactive and/or impulsive symptomatology, both attributable to and independent of the role of underlying working memory deficits.

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Investigating the relationship between working memory and emotion regulation in mothers

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Parental reflective functioning and executive functioning in mothers with substance use disorder

Parental reflective functioning and executive functioning in mothers with substance use disorder

The association between executive functioning and parental stress and psychological distress is mediated by parental reflective functioning in mothers with substance use disorder

An Examination of Relations Among Working Memory, ADHD Symptoms, and Emotion Regulation

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