Investigating the relationship between spiritual well‐being, resilience, and depression: a cross‐sectional study of the elderly

Abstract

Background: Mental health of the elderly is one of the health problems in most societies. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being (SWB), resilience, and depression among the elderly. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 384 elderly selected by convenience-sampling method. Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT), SWB, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were used to collect the data. Pearson correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. A path analysis was also run to test the direct and indirect effects of SWB and resilience on the depression variable. Results: The results showed a statistically significant positive correlation between SWB and resilience (r = 0.458, P < 0.001), a statistically significant negative correlation between SWB and depression (r = À0.471, P < 0.001) and between resilience and depression (r = À0.371, P < 0.001). Path analysis showed that SWB and resilience directly affected depression while SWB indirectly affected depression. Conclusions: The results indicated there was an inverse relationship between SWB and resilience with depression. Religious programs and appropriate educational programs can help improve SWB and promote resilience in the elderly, which will reduce their depression symptoms.

The effects of resilience and basic personality traits on subjective well-being in elderly

“…Iako sociodemografske karakteristike predviđaju subjektivno blagostanje, procenat objašnjene varijanse je relativno nizak . Otuda se smatra da objektivne okolnosti mogu uticati na subjektivno blagostanje, ali indirektno, putem različitih subjektivnih procesa , poput personalnih dispozicija (Mroczek & Kolarz, 1998;Steel et al, 2008) i rezilijentnosti (Bauer & Park, 2010;Wang et al, 2023;Zafari et al, 2023) koji predstavljaju predmet interesovanja u ovom istraživanju.…”

“…Naime, rezilijentnost se smatra ključnim korelatom subjektivnog blagostanja kod starih, i to u različitim kulturama (Wang et al, 2023;Zafari et al, 2023), te najvažnijim psihološkim resursom koji utiče na adaptivne kapacitete kod starih (Carver & Buchanan, 2016), čak važnijim od zdravstvenog stanja (Salamene et al, 2021). Rezilijentnost podrazumeva sposobnost pozitivnog prilagođavanja različitim životnim izazovima i kao takva ima klјučnu ulogu u adaptaciji (Fletcher & Sarkar, 2013;Spahni et al, 2015).…”

“…zadovoljstvo životom (Bai et al, 2012;Hansson et al, 2020). Kako se rezilijentnost ističe kao dominantni prediktor prilagođenosti na starost (Bauer & Park, 2010;Wang et al, 2023;Zafari et al, 2023), u ovom istraživanju će se ispitivati inkrementalni doprinos osobina ličnosti u objašnjenju indikatora subjektivnog blagostanja, povrh varijanse koju objašnjava rezilijentnost. Očekujemo da rezilijentnost bude dominantni prediktor blagostanja kod starih, ali i da osobine ličnosti, posebno neuroticizam u negativnom i ekstraverzija u pozitivnom smeru (npr.…”

“…Fullen et al, 2018;Windle et al, 2010). Naime, rezilijentnost se smatra ključnim korelatom subjektivnog blagostanja kod starih, i to u različitim kulturama (Bauer & Park, 2010;Wang et al, 2023;Zafari et al, 2023). Dalje, negativna povezanost rezilijentnosti i emocionalnog distresa je, takođe, očekivana, jer reziljentnost podrazumeva sposobnost pojedinca da se efikasno prilagodi stresnim situacijama (Fletcher & Sarkar, 2013).…”