Investigating the Potential for Increased Energy Utilisation and Reduced CO2 Emissions at Mo Industrial Park

Pettersen, Tanja; Dæhlin, Emil; Eidem, Per Anders; Berglihn, Olaf Trygve

doi:10.3390/en13184627

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“… 239 In other high temperature pyrometallurgical operations (such as lead smelting and ferro-silicon production), the waste energy contained in off-gas streams is often used to generate steam used for domestic/district heating. This steam could even be used to produce electrical work via conventional Rankine cycle, 309 which appears not to be the most energy efficient approach along with having high infrastructure costs.…”

Section: Renewable Energies In Pyrometallurgymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the overall energetic efficiency is typically below 30%. 309 In many pyrometallurgical applications where the off/flue gas is below 400 °C, the organic Rankine cycle (which uses working fluids such as hydrofluoroolefins instead of water) is a possible option to circumvent the problem associated with the low temperature of the heat source. 317 For even lower heat source temperatures (i.e.…”

Section: Renewable Energies In Pyrometallurgymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Greener reactants, renewable energies and environmental impact mitigation strategies in pyrometallurgical processes: A review

Harvey

Courchesne

et al. 2022

MRS Energy & Sustainability

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Metals and alloys are among the most technologically important materials for our industrialized societies. They are the most common structural materials used in cars, airplanes and buildings, and constitute the technological core of most electronic devices. They allow the transportation of energy over great distances and are exploited in critical parts of renewable energy technologies. Even though primary metal production industries are mature and operate optimized pyrometallurgical processes, they extensively rely on cheap and abundant carbonaceous reactants (fossil fuels, coke), require high power heating units (which are also typically powered by fossil fuels) to calcine, roast, smelt and refine, and they generate many output streams with high residual energy content. Many unit operations also generate hazardous gaseous species on top of large CO2 emissions which require gas-scrubbing and capture strategies for the future. Therefore, there are still many opportunities to lower the environmental footprint of key pyrometallurgical operations. This paper explores the possibility to use greener reactants such as bio-fuels, bio-char, hydrogen and ammonia in different pyrometallurgical units. It also identifies all recycled streams that are available (such as steel and aluminum scraps, electronic waste and Li-ion batteries) as well as the technological challenges associated with their integration in primary metal processes. A complete discussion about the alternatives to carbon-based reduction is constructed around the use of hydrogen, metallo-reduction as well as inert anode electrometallurgy. The review work is completed with an overview of the different approaches to use renewable energies and valorize residual heat in pyrometallurgical units. Finally, strategies to mitigate environmental impacts of pyrometallurgical operations such as CO2 capture utilization and storage as well as gas scrubbing technologies are detailed. This original review paper brings together for the first time all potential strategies and efforts that could be deployed in the future to decrease the environmental footprint of the pyrometallurgical industry. It is primarily intended to favour collaborative work and establish synergies between academia, the pyrometallurgical industry, decision-makers and equipment providers. Graphical abstract Highlights A more sustainable production of metals using greener reactants, green electricity or carbon capture is possible and sometimes already underway. More investments and pressure are required to hasten change. Discussion Is there enough pressure on the aluminum and steel industries to meet the set climate targets? The greenhouse gas emissions of existing facilities can often be partly mitigated by retrofitting them with green technologies, should we close plants prematurely to build new plants using greener technologies? Since green or renewable resources presently have limited availability, in which sector should we use them to maximize their benefits?

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Section: Renewable Energies In Pyrometallurgymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Renewable Energies In Pyrometallurgymentioning

confidence: 99%

Greener reactants, renewable energies and environmental impact mitigation strategies in pyrometallurgical processes: A review

Harvey

Courchesne

et al. 2022

MRS Energy & Sustainability

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“…The underlying mechanism for the coordinated development of industries and cities depends on the people and services that connect them [34,35]. Overseas scholars pay more attention to the environmental effects of industrialization and urbanization [8,36] or the planning and construction of eco-industrial parks [37,38]. It should be pointed out that peri-urbanization [39][40][41][42] is a necessary stage of urban expansion, which is caused to a greater extent by institutional or government policies, especially in developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach to Evaluate the Integrated Development of City and Industry: The Cases of Shanghai and the Kangqiao Industrial Park

Shi

Li³

et al. 2022

Buildings

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The integration of population, industry, transportation, and land is the objective requirement of the coordinated development of industrialization and urbanization. However, previous research has not appreciated long-time series of city–industry integration from the multi-scale perspective, and there is an over-reliance on statistical data, which limits the spatial perspective in evaluation systems. The purposes of the research are (1) understanding the connotations and essence of the integrated development of city and industry from different spatial scales, (2) introducing a spatial perspective into the evaluation system, with multi-source geospatial data, and (3) evaluating it dynamically. Results showed that (1) at the city scale, the degree of city–industry integration in Shanghai has an upward trend over the 20 years, with volatile changes. (2) At the scale of the industrial park, functional, social, and spatial integration show an increase. The contributions of city development change were ranked high to low as follows: functional integration, spatial integration, and social integration. (3) Multi-source geospatial data improve data availability for the research in this field. The multi-source data fusion fixes the lack or abnormalities of the data in traditional research, which enriches the evaluation perspective. The contributions of this article include (1) this study established the city-population, industry, and transportation interaction system (C-PIT) to describe the integrated development of city and industry at city and industrial park scales; (2) this study introduced the spatial perspective to construct a new evaluation approach, which is based on the coupling coordination degree, the entropy method, and multi-source data; and (3) this study conducted a long-time series analysis of two cases, Shanghai and Kangqiao industrial park.

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“…Mo Industri Park in Mo i Rana (Northern Norway), where surplus heat in the cooling water from the industrial cluster is used in smolt production [45,46]. 4.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Concept for Sustainable Food Production Utilizing Low Temperature Industrial Surplus Heat

et al. 2021

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Low temperature industrial surplus heat represents a major energy source that is currently only rarely utilized due to its low quality. An agricluster allows for the leveraging of this low-quality heat and, hence, may improve the overall energy efficiency. This paper presents the novel concept of an agricluster driven by available surplus heat from industrial processes. We propose the integration of greenhouse production, insect rearing, fish rearing, and drying of seaweed using low temperature surplus heat from the aluminum industry. Each of these processes is already used in or investigated for utilization of surplus heat and partly coupled with other processes, such as in aquaponics. However, the integration of all processes in an agricluster—as proposed in this paper—may result in improved utilization of the surplus heat due to the different seasonality of the heat demand. The potential synergies of this integration approach are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, waste from one process can be utilized as an input stream to other processes, reducing the demand for external material input to the system. The proposed concept of an agricluster is especially interesting for the Nordic countries, as they are dependant on fresh food imports due to the low outside temperatures.

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Investigating the Potential for Increased Energy Utilisation and Reduced CO2 Emissions at Mo Industrial Park

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Greener reactants, renewable energies and environmental impact mitigation strategies in pyrometallurgical processes: A review

Greener reactants, renewable energies and environmental impact mitigation strategies in pyrometallurgical processes: A review

A New Approach to Evaluate the Integrated Development of City and Industry: The Cases of Shanghai and the Kangqiao Industrial Park

A Novel Concept for Sustainable Food Production Utilizing Low Temperature Industrial Surplus Heat

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