“…Developments in automatic speech recognition, natural language processing and student modelling have contributed features to spoken and written language practice in intelligent computer-assisted language learning (ICALL) programs (Gamper & Knapp, 2002), such as corrective feedback (Cucchiarini, Neri, & Strik, 2009;Heift & Schulze, 2007), meaning-focused practice (Johnson, 2010;Morton & Jack, 2010) and individualised instruction (Heift, 2008;Heilman, Collins-Thompson, Eskenazi, Juffs, & Wilson, 2010). Complementing these developments has been the popularisation of technologies for communication over the internet, using video conferencing tools (Develotte, Guichon, & Vincent, 2010;Jauregi, de Graff, van den Bergh, & Kriz, 2012), internet forums (Qian & McCormick, 2014;Thang & Bidmeshki, 2010), chat (Sauro, 2012) or web publishing (Chen & Brown, 2011), providing new possibilities for meaningful computer-mediated communication (CMC) between learners and native and non-native speakers. In this paper, we will refer to both of these types of computer programs offering language practice with the general term CALL systems.…”