Investigating the origins of nanostructural variations in differential ethnic hair types using X‐ray scattering techniques

Wade, Matthew; Tucker, I.; Cunningham, Patrick N.; Skinner, Richard; Bell, Fraser I.; Lyons, Timothy; Patten, Kate; Gonzalez, Lee; Wess, Tim J

doi:10.1111/ics.12061

Cited by 13 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It also supports our hypothesis that wool and hair contain two cortical cell groups with two subgroups each. These considerations are in agreement with various views in the literature but in contrast to, for example, those of Leon…”

Section: The Role Of Cell Group Segregationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Why is hair curly?—Deductions from the structure and the biomechanics of the mature hair shaft

Wortmann

Sripho

2019

Experimental Dermatology

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The final shape of a head hair is predetermined through a variety of factors during its formation in the follicle. These are genetic pathways, specific growth factors, cell differentiation and segregation, etc, with spatial as well as chronological dynamics. The cortex of hair consists of two major cell groups. These are characterized by parallel (para‐type) or roughly helical arrangements (ortho‐type) of the intermediate filaments (IF). There are also cell‐specific differences in the disulphide content, that is, of the cross‐link density of the IF‐associated matrix proteins. Given the current state of the academic discussion, we consider it as timely to support and broaden the view that, the structural differences of the cell types together with their lateral segregation are the main driving factor of curl formation. The mechanical effects, which derive thereof, are triggered in the transition zone of the follicle, that is, upon formation of the mature hair shaft. Furthermore, an irregular, “flat” cross section of the hair shaft is shown to be a synergistic but not determining factor of curl formation. The degree of cell type segregation along the mature hair shaft together with dynamic changes of the location of the plane of segregation, namely in a non‐circular cross section can account for very complex curl patterns. Against the background of these views, we argue that contributions to hair curl are implausible, if they relate to physical mechanisms which are active below the transition zone from the living to the mature (dead) hair.

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Section: The Role Of Cell Group Segregationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Why is hair curly?—Deductions from the structure and the biomechanics of the mature hair shaft

Wortmann

Sripho

2019

Experimental Dermatology

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“…15,16 Studies with X-ray scattering analysis did not observe any differences in the structures and configurations of the proteins (α-helical arrangements, coiled-coil structures, IF, and macrofibrils) across major biogeographic origins. 3,14 In addition, the differences between wet and dry states among hair types observed from the lipid diffraction via X-ray scattering analysis indicated a variation of crystalline lipid structures among different hair origins. 14…”

Section: Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,14 In addition, the differences between wet and dry states among hair types observed from the lipid diffraction via X-ray scattering analysis indicated a variation of crystalline lipid structures among different hair origins. 14…”

Section: Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,13 The internal lipids were postulated to intercalate the keratin dimers and influence the organization of keratin fibers, which may lead to various hair morphologies. 13,14 In relation to the external lipids, African fiber presents the greatest proportion of apolar lipids, and Asian and Caucasian extracts show a higher amount of FFA and polar lipids. 7 The high amount of apolar lipids with hydrophobic property in African fiber is associated with lesser swelling in water as it blocks the entrance of water into the hair.…”

Section: Lipid Content and Hydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>Asian Hair: A Review of Structures, Properties, and Distinctive Disorders</p>

Leerunyakul¹,

Suchonwanit²

2020

CCID

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Asian hair is known for its straightness, dark pigmentation, and large diameter. The cuticle layer in Asians is thicker with more compact cuticle cells than that in Caucasians. Asian hair generally exhibits the strongest mechanical properties, and its cross-sectional area is determined greatly by genetic variations, particularly from the ectodysplasin A receptor gene. However, knowledge on Asian hair remains unclear with limited studies. This article aimed to review and summarize the characteristics and properties of Asian hair. It also aimed to discuss hair disorders including linear lupus panniculitis and pseudocyst of the scalp that occur distinctively in Asian populations.

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“…Differences in hair properties depending on ethnicity have been widely studied [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. These studies have revealed the unique hair properties (such as shape, curliness, color, follicle, mechanical behavior, damage mechanism, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Hair Properties that Emerge from Combinations of Multiple Races

Takahashi

2019

Cosmetics

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The fusion of ethnicity in human populations is becoming increasingly common, so the conventional definition of ethnicity is going to become deficient. The aim of this study was to investigate the hair properties which emerge from combinations of multiple races. Hair fibers collected from mixed-race subjects were investigated and classifications of hair shape as well as measurements of thickness, ellipticity and surface damage were carried out. The results show that hair shapes varied widely: straight hair and very curly hair often existed together on the heads of individuals with mixed ethnicity. Curly hair tended to be thicker than loose wavy hair. As for damage to the hair surface, the hairs of mixed-race subjects showed a very unique property in that they were much more severely damaged near the root (the proximal end) than the hairs of monoracial subjects. The hair shape (curly or loose wavy) was not related to the level of damage. The severe damage near the proximal end is thought to be caused by entanglement, due to the presence of various curl phases. This study reports the unique characteristics of hairs of subjects with mixed ethnicity, which have never been noted in the previous studies on subjects with a monoracial background.

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Investigating the origins of nanostructural variations in differential ethnic hair types using X‐ray scattering techniques

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Why is hair curly?—Deductions from the structure and the biomechanics of the mature hair shaft

Why is hair curly?—Deductions from the structure and the biomechanics of the mature hair shaft

<p>Asian Hair: A Review of Structures, Properties, and Distinctive Disorders</p>

Unique Hair Properties that Emerge from Combinations of Multiple Races

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