Investigating the Mixing Efficiencies of Liquid-to-Liquid Chemical Injection Manifolds for Aquatic Invasive Species Management

Zolper, Thomas J.; Cupp, Aaron R.; Smith, David L.

doi:10.1115/1.4041361

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Carbon dioxide could be infused at a low level to deter mobile native species from the area before a containment barrier is erected to isolate the treatment. Large-scale CO 2 infusion systems to deter invasive fish are in development (Zolper et al 2018) and could be modified for application at select sites. Under-the-ice application of CO 2 may be a feasible option for reducing dreissenid populations in a small water body and has USEPA registration for this use (US Environmental Protection Agency 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature‐Related Responses of an Invasive Mussel and 2 Unionid Mussels to Elevated Carbon Dioxide

Waller

Bartsch

Lord

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) have exacerbated the decline of native freshwater mussels (order Unionida) in North America since their arrival in the 1980s. Options for controlling invasive mussels, particularly in unionid mussel habitats, are limited. Previously, carbon dioxide (CO 2) showed selective toxicity for zebra mussels, relative to unionids, when applied in cool water (12°C). We first determined 96-h lethal concentrations of CO 2 at 5 and 20°C to zebra mussels and responses of juvenile plain pocketbook (Lampsilis cardium). Next, we compared the time to lethality for zebra mussels at 5, 12, and 20°C during exposure to partial pressure of CO 2 (PCO 2) values of 110 to 120 atm (1 atm = 101.325 kPa) and responses of juvenile plain pocketbook and fragile papershell (Leptodea fragilis). We found efficacious CO 2 treatment regimens at each temperature that were minimally lethal to unionids. At 5°C, plain pocketbook survived 96-h exposure to the highest PCO 2 treatment (139 atm). At 20°C, the 96-h lethal concentration to 10% of animals (LC10) for plain pocketbook (173 atm PCO 2 , 95% CI 147-198 atm) was higher than the LC99 for zebra mussels (118 atm PCO 2 , 95% CI 109-127 atm). Lethal time to 99% mortality (LT99) of zebra mussels in 110 to 120 atm PCO 2 ranged from 100 h at 20°C to 300 h at 5°C. Mean survival of both plain pocketbook and fragile papershell juveniles exceeded 85% in LT99 CO 2 treatments at all temperatures. Short-term infusion of 100 to 200 atm PCO 2 at a range of water temperatures could reduce biofouling by zebra mussels with limited adverse effects on unionid mussels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature‐Related Responses of an Invasive Mussel and 2 Unionid Mussels to Elevated Carbon Dioxide

Waller

Bartsch

Lord

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Gas transfer efficiency was calculated for dry ice treatments before fish testing (Zolper et al., in press). Measured CO 2 concentrations ( C CO 2 ) in experimental ponds and known pond volume ( V H 2 O ) were used to approximate the mass of CO 2 (

m_{C O 2}^{D}

) dissolved in water (equation ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Piscicide Treatments

Cupp

Smerud

Tix

et al. 2018

N American J Fish Manag

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Few chemicals are approved to control or eradicate nuisance fish populations in the United States. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is currently being developed and studied as a new piscicide option for nonselective population control. This study evaluated dry ice (solid state CO 2 ) as a simple CO 2 delivery method during winter piscicide applications. Nonnative Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Bighead Carp H. nobilis, and native Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas were overwintered together in ice-covered ponds treated with 25 kg dry ice/100,000 L (low treatment) or 50 kg dry ice/100,000 L (high treatment). Overwinter fish survival was significantly reduced in ponds treated with dry ice relative to untreated control ponds. Fathead Minnows were less susceptible to CO 2 exposure than the carps, with 26-96% survival in low-treatment ponds and 4-68% survival in high-treatment ponds. Silver Carp and Bighead Carp were more sensitive to CO 2 treatments and no individuals of either species survived in ponds with the high-treatment level. Water samples were also collected in all ponds throughout this study, and we observed notably higher Silver Carp and Bighead Carp environmental DNA (eDNA) concentrations in dry-ice-treated ponds relative to untreated control ponds. Distinct changes in eDNA trends correlated with fish mortality, and results indicate that eDNA sampling could be a useful indicator of piscicide efficacy. This study demonstrates that CO 2 administered as dry ice is an effective under-ice piscicide method. Before CO 2 treatmentCO 2 (mg/L) 1.8 (0.2-3.8) 1.5 (0.2-3.8) 1.6 (0.2-3.4) pCO 2 (μatm) 436 (2-1,310) 402 (19-1,197) 439 (1-1,079) pH 8.36 (7.79-9.03) 8.43 (7.79-9.20) 8.51 (7.83-10.23) Temperature (°C) 1.3 (0.0-8.8) 1.2 (0.0-8.8) 1.3 (0.0-8.3) Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 15.5 (8.9-19.5) 15.6 (9.1-20.8) 14.4 (10.0-20.0) TAN (mg/L) 0.103 (0.001-0.219) 0.086 (0.001-0.226) 0.145 (0.020-0.399) Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO 3 ) 151.1 (78.2-209.0) 142.6 (42.8-216.0) 151.8 (44.6-291.0) Hardness (mg/L as CaCO 3 ) 193.2 (130.0-236.0) 187.1 (111.0-226.0) 191.1 (96.2-250.0) Ice thickness (cm) 15.0 (0.0-26.7) 15.0 (0.0-29.2) 15.0 (0.0-30.5) Snow depth (cm) 1.8 After CO 2 treatment CO 2 (mg/L) 1.7 (0.4-3.8) 120.1 (46.0-254.0) 212.7 (44.0-444.0) pCO 2 (μatm)196 (8-959) 19,167 (9,882-30,899) 38,993 (9,404-120,306) pH 8.73 (7.82-9.85) 6.59 (6.36-6.89) 6.37 (5.83-6.68) Temperature (°C) 0.3 (0.0-2.0) 0.4 (0.0-3.0) 0.3 (0.0-3.5) Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 18.4 (14.8-21.2) 20.26 (17.5-21.7) 19.8 (17.3-21.6) TAN (mg/L) 0.113 (0.014-0.026) 0.032 (0.018-0.057) 0.031 (0.001-0.076) Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO 3 ) 106.7 (49.5-144.0) 167.0 (138.0-208.0) 186.2 (67.2-319.0) Hardness (mg/L as CaCO 3 ) 146.5 (80.4-200.0) 205.7 (178.2-256.4) 224.7 (99.4-361.8) Ice thickness (cm) 20.0 (7.6-27.9) 10.8 (2.5-20.3) 10.9 (2.5-20.3) Snow depth (cm) 0.3 (0.0-1.3) 0.2 (0.0-1.3) 0.2 (0.0-0.6) 1246 CUPP ET AL.

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“…Similarly, tests in flowing water found that CO 2 applied at 75 mg/L reduced the distribution of fish and decreased the upstream movement of fish by approximately 50% (Cupp et al 2017a). Researchers are also developing methods to efficiently and consistently deliver chemicals like CO 2 into key management locations (Zolper et al 2018).…”

Section: Carbon Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers are also developing methods to efficiently and consistently deliver chemicals like CO 2 into key management locations (Zolper et al. 2018).…”

Section: New Control Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Controls for an Integrated Pest Management Program

Fredricks

Hubert

Amberg

et al. 2019

N American J Fish Manag

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Chemical controls ranging from natural products to synthesized chemicals are widely used in aquatic pest management activities. Chemicals can be used to lure organisms to traps or can cause direct mortality by altering the physiological function of an organism. Much of what is known about controlling pests with chemicals is from research done on terrestrial pesticides. This paper focuses on how chemicals might be used as aquatic pesticides to control or eradicate aquatic invasive species. Current control tools are described, as are new technologies designed to selectively target the pest to reduce risks to nontarget organisms and the environment. Overview of Chemical Control in Aquatic Pest ManagementChemical controls are an integral part of an aquatic integrated pest management (IPM) plan. The high degree of efficacy, good availability, and generally low cost make them an attractive option for aquatic nuisance species control. Chemicals can be applied to achieve control in different ways. Pheromones, for example, may lure aquatic pests to traps to enhance removal efficiency. Selective biocides, such as the molluscicide Zequanox and the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), may limit population growth through lethal endpoints. Enriching water with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) may function as a behavioral deterrent to prevent invasive species from moving upstream. Overall, chemicals have the potential to serve unique roles within fisheries management or pest management programs. An understanding of the individual mechanisms and modes of action is critical to the success and effectiveness of pesticide applications.Pesticides must have a high degree of toxicity toward their target yet must be fairly nontoxic toward humans and other nontarget species (Duke et al. 2010). In the developed world, pests are largely controlled by synthetic

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Investigating the Mixing Efficiencies of Liquid-to-Liquid Chemical Injection Manifolds for Aquatic Invasive Species Management

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Temperature‐Related Responses of an Invasive Mussel and 2 Unionid Mussels to Elevated Carbon Dioxide

Temperature‐Related Responses of an Invasive Mussel and 2 Unionid Mussels to Elevated Carbon Dioxide

Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Piscicide Treatments

Chemical Controls for an Integrated Pest Management Program

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