Investigating the microstructural and electrochemical performance of novel La_0.3Ba_0.7Zr_0.5X_0.3Y_0.2 (X = Gd, Mn, Ce) electrolytes at intermediate temperature SOFCs

Abstract

Here, for the first time, La0.3Ba0.7Zr0.5X0.3Y0.2 (LaBaZrXY; X = Gd, Mn, Ce named as LaBaZrGdY, LaBaZrMnY, LaBaZrCeY respectively) SOFC electrolytes were prepared via novel organic auto and conventional combustion method,...

Understanding the Microstructure Evolution of 8Cr4Mo4V Steel under High-Dose-Rate Ion Implantation

“…The low peak shifting can also be ascribed to the fact that during the replacement of C with N, the crystallite size decreases, leading to a difference in the ionic radii of N and C. Peak shifting indicates a volume expansion of the unit cell; the lattice parameter for different dose rates has different values. Lattice expansion due to increased lattice parameters resulted in peak-shifting towards a lower angle, which indicates the lattice expansion of iron in 8Cr4Mo4V bearing steel due to N supersaturation, which was also confirmed by an increase in the lattice parameters as shown in Figure 4 [60]. For the samples implanted at the same dose, in addition to the inherent influence of ion implantation, the implantation dose rate plays an critical role in causing differences in the phase constituents as well.…”

Towards sustainable electrochemistry: green synthesis and sintering aid modulations in the development of BaZr0.87Y0.1M0.03O3−δ (M = Mn, Co, and Fe) IT-SOFC electrolytes

“…For Fe-doped BZY, broad and high intensity peaks in the 1,500–1,400 cm −1 region are characteristic of Fe−O bond formation ( Jincy and Meena, 2022 ). The intensity of BZYFe electrolyte synthesized with oxalic acid is greater compared to BZYFe electrolyte synthesized with spinach powder, indicating the increased structural disorder ( Irshad et al, 2022 ). The Mn-doped BZY for both chelating agents shows an intense absorption peak at about 1,100 cm −1 which is characteristic of Mn−O bond formation.…”

“…The orientation of the plane (110) corresponds to the alteration in lattice parameter, resulting in either an increase (cell volume expansion) or reduction (cell volume contraction) depending on the ionic radii and dopant concentration ( Irshad et al, 2021 ). BZY shows a peak shift to a lower angle compared to the pure barium zirconate, which has an intense diffraction peak at 2Ө = 30⁰, because of disparity between ionic radii of host (r = 0.72 Å for Zr +4 VI ) and dopant (for Y +3 VI r = 0.9 Å) ( Ueno et al, 2019 ; Vera et al, 2021 ; Irshad et al, 2022 ). In our case, this peak shift occurs at 2Ө = 30.15⁰ for (110) plane of BZYCo (OA), BZYFe (OA), BZYMn (OA), BZYCo (SP), BZYFe (SP) and BZYMn (SP).…”

“…However, BZYM (M = Co, Fe) synthesized by the green route are slightly denser compared to BZYM (M = Co, Fe) synthesized by the chemical approach which is attributable to low concentration of metallic impurities present in the spinach powder, which acts as a sintering aid and leads to increased densification. The BZYMn electrolyte on the other hand shows an opposite trend, with BZYMn synthesized by the green route, resulting in slightly lower densification than the material synthesized by the chemical route due to high concentration of Mn that already exist in spinach resulting in the slightly lower densification ( Irshad et al, 2022 ). The overall densification order for BZYM (M = Co, Fe, Mn) electrolytes synthesized by both green and chemical routes can be represented as BZYMn < BZYFe < BZYCo indicating that Co doping acted as a slightly better sintering aid compared to Fe and Mn because Co doping can help to control the grain growth resulting in a fine-grained microstructure, as can also be seen from the micrographs too ( Rehman et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Energy consumption is also essential for economic development and prosperity, especially for electricity generation and industrial use ( Babar et al, 2022 ; Hanif et al, 2023a ; Antonova, 2023 ; Gordeev and Porotnikova, 2023 ; Shaheen et al, 2023 ). Fossil fuels are still the primary sources of energy but concerns about greenhouse gas emissions and climate change have increased, forcing the world to explore renewable and sustainable energy sources ( Hanif et al, 2022 ; Irshad et al, 2022 ; Demin and Bronin, 2023 ; Pikalova et al, 2023 ). Fuel cells, particularly solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), have become prominent contenders amongst alternative energy sources because of their efficiency, ability to use multiple fuels, and little or no greenhouse gas emissions ( Rafique et al, 2022 ; Hanif et al, 2023b ; Khan et al, 2023 ; Rauf et al, 2023 ; Tarasova et al, 2023 ; Babar et al, 2024 ).…”