Investigating the Interaction of Cellulose Nanofibers Derived from Cotton with a Sophisticated 3D Human Lung Cell Coculture

Abstract

|Biomacromolecules 2011, 12, 3666-3673 Biomacromolecules ARTICLE when generalizing our findings to other cellulose nanowhisker types, because surface chemistry, surface charges, as well as the length, aspect ratio, and stiffness vary considerably and are likely to influence interactions with mammalian cells.

Assessing the impact of the physical properties of industrially produced carbon nanotubes on their interaction with human primary macrophages in vitro

“…At sub-lethal concentrations CNTs have been shown to induce the production of ROS which leads in an inflammatory response via the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro [13,32]; thus fitting the oxidative stress paradigm -the most widely accepted paradigm concerning the potential for nano-objects to cause adverse biological effects [10]. ROS are produced from the respiratory chain in the mitochondria by generating adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) and can induce, even at low concentrations, TNF-α release from the cell.…”

“…Information related to the metal contaminants contained within the NTS sample was provided by the suppliers (Table 1). No endotoxin content, assessed by the limulous amoebocyte lysate (LAL) test, is known to be present within any of the CNT samples [10,24,26].…”

“…If CNTs enter into the human lung, it is accepted that they may activate the innate immune response and interact with important immune cells (i.e., macrophages) at the epithelial airway barrier [8]. This interaction can subsequently trigger a variety of intracellular signaling cascades leading to potentially adverse effects detrimental to human health [9,10].…”

“…MDM were exposed via suspension culture to each different CNT type [all produced via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method] and subsequently assessed for their Table 1 Overview of the key physico-chemical characteristics of the single-walled (bundled) CNTs (SWCNTs), multi-walled (bundled) CNTs (MWNCTs), long MWCNTs (NTL), tangled MWCNTs (NTT) and short MWCNTs (NTS) used in the present study. Clift et al [10]) that investigated the length, width, supplier, morphology, endotoxin levels and contaminant metals for each different CNT sample. ND refers to not detectable via the LAL endotoxin assay.…”

Can the Ames test provide an insight into nano-object mutagenicity? Investigating the interaction between nano-objects and bacteria

“…The specific methodology used to determine each property stated is detailed in the specific references provided [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . 1-10…”