Investigating the interaction between pedestrian behaviors and crashes through validation of a pedestrian behavior questionnaire (PBQ)

Esmaili, Arsalan; Aghabayk, Kayvan; Parishad, Nasser; Stephens, Amanda N.

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2021.106050

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Men usually present more risky behavior in traffic than women. In spite of women been generally more cautious, risk averse, and compliant road users than males [ 18 ], in the present study there was no difference of risk of accidents between men and women.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Subjects younger than 35 years old, for example, report more frequent risky behaviors in traffic than other age groups. Women are generally more cautious, risk averse, and compliant road users than men [ 18 ]. Generally, a high-risk perception leads to a more cautious behavior [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study is one of the first to assess the risks of accidents caused by the use of smartphones by pedestrians in a controlled (laboratory) and non-controlled (public street) environment. The target audience is young adults, since this segment has most appropriated smartphone in their lives and because young adults usually report more risky behaviors in traffic than other age groups [ 11 , 18 ]. The authors hypothesized that using a smartphone while walking would increase the risks of accidents of pedestrians, and those risks would be higher when performed with real traffic distractors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risks of Accidents Caused by the Use of Smartphone by Pedestrians Are Task- and Environment-Dependent

Sobrinho-Junior

Almeida

Ceabras

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Using smartphones during a task that requires an upright posture can be detrimental for the overall motor performance. The aim of this study was to determine the risks of accidents caused by the use of smartphones by pedestrians while walking in a controlled (laboratory) and a non-controlled (public street) environment. Two hundred and one participants, 100 men and 101 women, all young adults, were submitted to walking activities while texting messages and talking on the phone. The risk of accident was measured by the time and the number of steps necessary to walk a 20 ft distance. Assessments were performed with no external distractors (laboratory) and on a public street with vehicles, pedestrians, lights, and noises. Multivariate analysis of variance tests provided the main effect of task (using × not using smartphone), environment (laboratory × street), sex (men × women), and interactions. Significance was set at 5%. The results showed that using a smartphone while walking demanded a greater number of steps and time to perform the task (main effect of task: 0.84; p = 0.001). The risk of accident was higher on the streets where, due to traffic hazards, pedestrians performed the task faster and with a lower number of steps (the main effect of environment: 0.82; p = 0.001). There was no difference of risks between men and women (main effect of sex: 0.01; p = 0.225), whether in the laboratory or on the street (main effect of sex × environment: 0.01; p = 0.905). The task × environment interaction showed that using a smartphone on the street potentiates risks of accidents of pedestrians (main effect of task × environment: 0.41; p = 0.001). In conclusion, using a smartphone while walking can be risky for pedestrians, especially in a traffic environment. People should avoid using their smartphone while crossing streets.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Risks of Accidents Caused by the Use of Smartphone by Pedestrians Are Task- and Environment-Dependent

Sobrinho-Junior

Almeida

Ceabras

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Finally, 1050 questionnaires were collected, and 680 of the questionnaires without any missing value were used for analysis. e sample size was estimated based on the Cochran formula [28] and evaluating different study samples in this field of study in Iran [25,29,30].…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Rainy Weather Effects on Driving Behaviour Dimensions of Driving Behaviour Questionnaire

Bakhshi

Aghabayk

Parishad

et al. 2022

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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This study aims to develop a modified version of the existing driving behaviour questionnaire (DBQ) by including items related to driving behaviour under rainy conditions to evaluate driving behaviour changes and their implications. A survey of 680 drivers in Iran was conducted with the modified DBQ considering rainy conditions. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis concluded a four-factor solution (high velocity with a law violation, slips, positive and cautious behaviours, and aggressive driving behaviours) with a 52% explanation of variance. One of the most affected driving behaviours during rainfall is the tendency of high velocity with law violation behaviours. Compared to male drivers, female drivers showed lower high-velocity behaviours with law violation when driving in dry weather and in rainy weather. Married drivers have not only less tendency to drive fast or violate the law compared to single drivers but are also less susceptible to these actions during rain. It was observed that young drivers under 25 did not change their aggressive driving behaviours in rainy conditions. The results from this study are valuable resources to help transportation agencies to understand drivers’ likely behaviour in rainy conditions and develop appropriate countermeasures to minimize the risky behaviours. Also, since aggressive driving, high acceleration, and speed variance have been reported to result in high fuel consumption and emissions, the findings from this study are valuable resources to understand the relationship between weather, driver behaviour, and emissions in future studies.

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“…Pedestrian injury and fatalities resulting from road traffic crashes are a major concern all over the world. There are worthwhile insights into pedestrian safety from developed countries as a good number of research studies have been carried out since the 1970s ( Buehler and Pucher, 2021 , Esmaili et al, 2021 , McIlroy et al, 2019 , Zhang et al, 2019 , Truong et al, 2019 , Buehler and Pucher, 2017 , Tulu et al, 2013 , Diogenes and Lindau, 2010 , Odero et al, 1997 , Jacobs and Hutchinson, 1973 ). Presently, pedestrian crashes in developed countries indicate a decreasing trend due to the ongoing investment in road safety research programs and countermeasures ( Buehler and Pucher, 2021 , Rifaat et al, 2017a , Tulu et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the fatal pedestrian crash occurrence in urban setup in a developing country using multiple-risk source model

Mukherjee

Mitra

2021

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Investigating the interaction between pedestrian behaviors and crashes through validation of a pedestrian behavior questionnaire (PBQ)

Cited by 31 publications

References 51 publications

Risks of Accidents Caused by the Use of Smartphone by Pedestrians Are Task- and Environment-Dependent

Risks of Accidents Caused by the Use of Smartphone by Pedestrians Are Task- and Environment-Dependent

Evaluating Rainy Weather Effects on Driving Behaviour Dimensions of Driving Behaviour Questionnaire

Investigating the fatal pedestrian crash occurrence in urban setup in a developing country using multiple-risk source model

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