Investigating the environmental and economic impacts of using supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) using the life cycle approach

Enhancing Concrete Performance through Sustainable Utilization of Class-C and Class-F Fly Ash: A Comprehensive Review

“…Class-C and class-F fly ash (FA) is a byproduct of coal combustion in thermal power plants. When coal is burned in these facilities, a process that occurs at high temperatures with limited oxygen, some of the organic and mineral constituents of the coal undergo gasification [10,11]. In contrast, others remain unburned, dispersing into the atmosphere as fine particles known as FA.…”

“…SCMs contribute significantly to the sustainability of concrete by displacing cement in its formulation [10]. This displacement is pivotal in reducing the environmental impact associated with cement production, which is characterized by high energy consumption and substantial CO 2 emissions [11,12]. Integrating pozzolans into concrete mixtures mitigates these ecological ramifications and augments the material's durability, extending the structures' lifespan [7][8][9].…”

Production of concrete pavements using mixed cements

“…In addition, the production of OPC is associated with serious environmental side effects, such as environmental pollution caused by dust and the enormous energy consumption required by the plasticity temperature above 1 300°C. For these reasons, the cement industry has been challenged in the last 10 years to effectively reduce and control CO 2 emissions [1][2][3].…”

“…Research has shown that the addition of additives is capable of reducing CO 2 emissions by 22 %. They also pointed out that the greenhouse gas impact calculated from blended cement is reduced by up to approximately 22 % compared to traditional OPC [2,4].…”

“…Therefore, decisions are being made more and more often about the construction of cement-concrete covers on traffic areas. In addition to this, mixing cement with these raw materials can improve the long-term mechanical properties and durability of concrete and thereby extend the life of concrete structures [2][3][4][5].…”