Investigating the effects of wind loading on three dimensional tree models using numerical simulation with implications for urban design

Abstract

In this study, the effects of wind on an Eastern Red Cedar were investigated using numerical simulations. Two different tree models were proposed, each with varying bole lengths and canopy diameters. A total of 18 cases were examined, including different canopy diameters, bole lengths, and wind velocities. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods, the drag force, deformation, and stress of the tree models were calculated under different wind velocities and geometric parameters. A one-way fluid–structure interaction (FSI) method was used to solve the deformation of the tree. Additionally, velocity and pressure distribution around the tree were obtained. The results indicate that wind velocity and geometric parameters of the tree have a significant impact on deformation, drag force, and stress. As wind velocity increases from 15 to 25 m/s, the force on the tree increases substantially. The results also show that the diameter of the canopy has a bigger effect on stress and strain than the bole length. This study provides insights into tree behavior under wind loading for urban planning and design, informing optimal tree selection and placement for windbreak effectiveness and comfortable environments.

An Investigation on Fluid-Structure Interaction of Two Tandem Rectangular Cylinders

“…Tabatabaei Malazi et al [6] conducted an experimental and numerical investigation of three-dimensional T-shaped flexible cylinder deformation using a high-speed camera system and a two-way FSI numerical method. The tree models' drag force, deformation, and stress were evaluated using CFD techniques across various wind velocities and geometric factors by Amani-Beni et al [7]. The deformation of the tree was solved using the one-way FSI approach.…”