Investigating the effects of nitrous oxide sedation on frontal-parietal interactions

Ryu, Jiho; Kim, Pil-Jong; Kim, Hong-Gee; Koo, Yong-Seo; Shin, Teo Jeon

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.04.036

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Beta oscillation is involved with various tasks that require the sensorimotor system 45 . We have previously reported that during nitrous oxide sedation, beta band parietal-frontal interactions are decreased 46 . Similar to previous studies, we observed significant alterations in delta and beta frequency bands during nitrous oxide administration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Alpha bands are related to the access of information representing environmental knowledge 48 . The changes in brain connectivity induced by nitrous oxide suggests that sedation occurs due to the influence of alpha bands, and nitrous oxide has previously been shown to affect alpha frequency-associated brain activity 46,49 . Additionally, the alteration of brain activities related to the alpha band, have been found to be associated with the actions of various anesthetics 37,50,51 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of brain connectivity during nitrous oxide sedation using graph theory

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Nitrous oxide, the least potent inhalation anesthetic, is widely used for conscious sedation. Recently, it has been reported that the occurrence of anesthetic-induced loss of consciousness decreases the interconnection between brain regions, resulting in brain network changes. However, few studies have investigated these changes in conscious sedation using nitrous oxide. Therefore, the present study aimed to use graph theory to analyze changes in brain networks during nitrous oxide sedation. Participants were 20 healthy volunteers (10 men and 10 women, 20-40 years old) with no history of systemic disease. We acquired electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings of 32 channels during baseline, nitrous oxide inhalation sedation, and recovery. EEG epochs from the baseline and the sedation state (50% nitrous oxide) were extracted and analyzed with the network connection parameters of graph theory. Analysis of 1/f dynamics, revealed a steeper slope while in the sedation state than during the baseline. Network connectivity parameters showed significant differences between the baseline and sedation state, in delta, alpha1, alpha2, and beta2 frequency bands. The most pronounced differences in functional distance during nitrous oxide sedation were observed in the alpha1 and alpha2 frequency bands. Change in 1/f dynamics indicates that changes in brain network systems occur during nitrous oxide administration. Changes in network parameters imply that nitrous oxide interferes with the efficiency of information integration in the frequency bands important for cognitive processes and attention tasks. Alteration of brain network during nitrous oxide administration may be associated to the sedative mechanism of nitrous oxide.Behavior management required for children with severe anxiety and fear can lead to difficulties in obtaining high quality dental care. In adults, pain or anxiety may cause reluctance to receiving dental treatment. In particular, in patients with a history of syncope due to severe stress, dentists should attempt to minimize stress, ensure that patients are comfortable with the treatment, and consider the use of sedation during dental treatment.Nitrous oxide is a sedative, widely used in medicine and dentistry 1 due to its sedative and analgesic effects, fast onset and recovery, and lack of serious side effects. Sedation refers to the intermediate state between consciousness and total loss of consciousness, in which consciousness is suppressed. Nitrous oxide is the least potent inhalation anesthetic, and induces a minimally conscious sedation state allowing patients to respond appropriately to physical stimuli or verbal commands 2 .The brain is a complex network, and recently using the graph theoretical approach, the structural and functional network of the brain has been shown to have similar properties as those of other complex network systems 3 . Graph theory is a mathematical field that attempts to understand and analyze social phenomena, nature, and network structure, by simplifying them to graphs, defined as a...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of brain connectivity during nitrous oxide sedation using graph theory

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous studies have found mixed results regarding the relationship between consciousness and GC. Some studies have shown that GC during general anesthesia is higher compared to wakefulness 37 , whereas other studies have reported that GC in anesthesia is reduced compared to wakefulness 38 . In terms of directionality, some studies have observed differences between consciousness and unconsciousness in frontal-to-parietal directional connectivity 37,39 , whereas other studies have observed differences in the parietal-to-frontal direction 38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Some studies have shown that GC during general anesthesia is higher compared to wakefulness 37 , whereas other studies have reported that GC in anesthesia is reduced compared to wakefulness 38 . In terms of directionality, some studies have observed differences between consciousness and unconsciousness in frontal-to-parietal directional connectivity 37,39 , whereas other studies have observed differences in the parietal-to-frontal direction 38 . The unidirectional interaction represented by GC is related to mechanisms of information flow in cortical circuits in terms of the anatomical connectivity principle of reciprocity in the cortex 37 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Connectivity differences between consciousness and unconsciousness in non-rapid eye movement sleep: a TMS–EEG study

Lee

Baird

Gosseries

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The neuronal connectivity patterns that differentiate consciousness from unconsciousness remain unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated that effective connectivity, as assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography (TMS–EEG), breaks down during the loss of consciousness. This study investigated changes in EEG connectivity associated with consciousness during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep following parietal TMS. Compared with unconsciousness, conscious experiences during NREM sleep were associated with reduced phase-locking at low frequencies (<4 Hz). Transitivity and clustering coefficient in the delta and theta bands were also significantly lower during consciousness compared to unconsciousness, with differences in the clustering coefficient observed in scalp electrodes over parietal–occipital regions. There were no significant differences in Granger-causality patterns in frontal-to-parietal or parietal-to-frontal connectivity between reported unconsciousness and reported consciousness. Together these results suggest that alterations in spectral and spatial characteristics of network properties in posterior brain areas, in particular decreased local (segregated) connectivity at low frequencies, is a potential indicator of consciousness during sleep.

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“…Like other inhaled anesthetics, nitrous oxide impairs intracortical connectivity, primarily at the alpha frequency bands implicated in cognition. [97] During nitrous oxide sedation, information transfer efficiency is significantly disturbed due to the alteration of network topology. [64] Similar to other anesthetics, the sedation effect inevitably accompanies changes in functional interactions as well as the capacity for global and local information integrity.…”

Section: E P U B a H E A D O F P R I N Tmentioning

confidence: 99%