Investigating the effects of conventional thermoplastic ankle-foot and the neoprene ankle-foot orthoses on the kinetics and kinematics of gait in people with foot drop following traumatic injury of the peroneal nerve: A pilot study

Esfandiari, Elnaz; Saeedi, Hassan; Ahmadi, Amir; Jalali, Maryam; Pour, Afsaneh Mohammad; Abdollah, Vahid

doi:10.1016/j.foot.2021.101898

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…The foot drop patient needs support for toe clearance [17], which can be done by generating dorsiflexion during the swing phase. This functionality cannot be found in the conventional AFO.…”

Section: Robot Afo Necessities Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robot Ankle Foot Orthosis with Auto Flexion Mode for Foot Drop Training on Post-Stroke Patient in Indonesia

Adiputra¹,

Ubaidillah²,

Asfari³

et al. 2022

KINETIK

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Robot Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) has been proven to assist the gait impairment, such as the foot drop. However, development challenge is still remains, such as the trade-off between complexity, functionality and cost. High functionality resulted in high cost, bulky, and complex device. But affordability and simplicity may decrease functionality. Therefore, this research proposed a robot AFO, which has the necessary function of auto dorsi-plantarflexion so it can keep the affordability and simplicity. The robot AFO consists of structure, electronics part and algorithm. The structure is custom made according to the user’s anatomy. A brushless DC (BLDC) motor, Force-Sensing Resistor (FSR) and microcontroller builds the electronic parts. The BLDC motor actuates the flexion, while the FSR detects the gait phase to determine the action. Both are integrated by the microcontroller with the P control algorithm that commands the BLDC motor to generate necessary torque so it rotates in a constant speed. A functionality test has been carried out on the robot AFO, where the robot AFO perform a dorsi-plantarflexion continuously in three conditions, such as no load, 1 Kg load, and foot load. The robot AFO successfully performed a constant velocity rotation in both directions, in all conditions. In the case of 1 Kg load, the maximum angular speed is 0.7 rad/s dorsiflexion and -1.8 rad/s plantarflexion. The torque keeps increasing and decreasing from -0.3 Nm to 4 Nm to keep the angular velocity. The result shows that the robot AFO can perform the necessary function to assist the foot drop training. Functionality test on the gait detection has also been done where it shows that the robot AFO can detect the four gait phases accurately. The robot AFO has been tested and future study should test the robot on a real post-stroke patient to see the effect of the gait control in reality.

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Section: Robot Afo Necessities Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robot Ankle Foot Orthosis with Auto Flexion Mode for Foot Drop Training on Post-Stroke Patient in Indonesia

Adiputra¹,

Ubaidillah²,

Asfari³

et al. 2022

KINETIK

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Design and characterization of a variable-stiffness ankle-foot orthosis

Rong,

Ramezani,

Ambro

et al. 2024

Prosthetics &Amp; Orthotics International

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Background: Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are a type of assistive device that can improve the walking ability of individuals with neurological disorders. Adjusting stiffness is a common way to customize settings according to individuals' impairment. Objective: This study aims to design a variable-stiffness AFO by stiffness module and characterize the AFO stiffness range to provide subject-specific settings for the users. Methods: We modeled AFO using bending beams with varying fulcrum positions to adjust the stiffness. To characterize the stiffness range and profile, we used the superposition method to generate the theoretical model to analyze the AFO numerically. The intrinsic deformation of the bending beam in the AFO is considered a combination of 2 bending deformations to replicate actual bending conditions. The corresponding experiments in different fulcrum positions were performed to compare with and optimize the theoretical model. The curve fitting method was applied to tune the theoretical model by adding a fulcrum position–related coefficient. Results: The AFO stiffness increased as the fulcrum moved to the proximal position. The maximum stiffness obtained was 1.77 Nm/° at a 6-cm fulcrum position, and the minimum stiffness was 0.82 Nm/° at a 0.5-cm fulcrum position with a 0.43-cm thick fiberglass beam. The corresponding theoretical model had maximum and minimum stiffness of 1.71 and 0.80 Nm/°, respectively. The theoretical model had a 4.08% difference compared with experimental values. Conclusions: The stiffness module can provide adjustable stiffness with the fulcrum position and different kinds of fiberglass bars, especially the thickness and material of the beam. The theoretical model with different fulcrum positions can be used to profile the real-time stiffness of the AFO in a dynamic motion and to determine the appropriate dimensions of the bending beam.

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Investigating the effects of conventional thermoplastic ankle-foot and the neoprene ankle-foot orthoses on the kinetics and kinematics of gait in people with foot drop following traumatic injury of the peroneal nerve: A pilot study

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

Robot Ankle Foot Orthosis with Auto Flexion Mode for Foot Drop Training on Post-Stroke Patient in Indonesia

Robot Ankle Foot Orthosis with Auto Flexion Mode for Foot Drop Training on Post-Stroke Patient in Indonesia

Design and characterization of a variable-stiffness ankle-foot orthosis

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