“…There are 54 simulation papers using SDM, accounting for 14.5% of all selected research, where one paper used a simple SIR model (Pornphol & Chittayasothorn, 2020 ), one paper used a SIRD model (IbarraâVega, 2020 ), two papers used a classic SEIR model (Kumar, Priya, & Srivastava, 2021 ; Yusoff & Izhan, 2020 ) and seven papers constructed a SEIRD model (Abdolhamid et al, 2021 ; Khairulbahri, 2021 ; Liu et al, 2021 ; Mutanga et al, 2021 ; Struben, 2020 ; Sy et al, 2021 ; Zhao et al, 2020 ). In the modified papers, new states such as preâsymptomatic (Rahmandad et al, 2021 ), asymptomatic (Fair et al, 2021 ; Sy et al, 2020 ), symptomatic (Currie et al, 2020 ; Fair et al, 2021 ), quarantined (Currie et al, 2020 ; Kumar, Viswakarma, et al, 2021 ; Qian et al, 2021 ), isolated (Niwa et al, 2020 ), hospitalized or in treatment (Hu et al, 2021 ; Qian et al, 2021 ; Rahmandad et al, 2021 ) and vaccinated (Brereton & Pedercini, 2021 ; Suphanchaimat, Tuangratananon, et al, 2021 ) were introduced into the models. In addition, without providing particular application cases, three papers built conceptual macroâlevel SDMs to understand the emergence of COVIDâ19 and system resilience and vulnerability in response to public health emergencies, respectively (Kontogiannis, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2020 ; Wang & Mansouri, 2021 ).…”