Investigating the Effect of the Tractor Drive System Type on Soil Behavior under Tractor Tires

Moinfar, Abdolmajid; Shahgholi, Gholamhossein; Abbaspour‐Gilandeh, Yousef; Herrera-Miranda, Israel; Hernández-Hernández, José Luis; Herrera-Miranda, Miguel Apolonio

doi:10.3390/agronomy11040696

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…There is a lot of research on autonomous driving [12,13], but there are very few developments on intelligent electric vehicles for unmanned driving in agriculture. The unmanned driving system uses cameras, optical radars, ultrasonic sensors, and other equipment on the vehicle to enable autonomous driving on the field to reach fixed points or to follow planned routes for farming and other tasks.…”

Section: Unmanned/intelligent Control System Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Design of an Unmanned Electric Tractor Platform

Chen

Chang

2022

Agriculture

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The tractor is a vehicle often used in agriculture. It is mainly used to tow other unpowered agricultural machinery for farming, harvesting, and seeding. They consume a lot of fuel with emissions that often contain a large amount of toxic gases, which seriously jeopardize human health and the ecological environment. Therefore, the electrical tractor is bound to become a future trend. The objective of this study is to design and implement a lightweight, energy-saving, and less polluting electric tractor, which meets the requirements of existing smallholder farmers, equipped with unmanned technology and multi-functions to assist labor and to provide the potential for unmanned operation. We reduced the weight of the tractor body structure to 101 kg, and the bending rigidity and torsional rigidity reached 11,579 N/mm and 4923 Nm/deg, respectively. Two 7.5 kW induction motors driven by lithium batteries were applied, which allows at least 3.5 h of working time.

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Section: Unmanned/intelligent Control System Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, many articles are devoted to studying the performance and stability of tractors [10][11][12][13]. Improving the effectiveness of tillage is closely related to the characteristics of soil, and it is one of the areas that cannot be ignored [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Design of an Unmanned Electric Tractor Platform

Chen

Chang

2022

Agriculture

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“…Heavy equipment damages soil aggregates, increases soil consistence and moisture, and reduces water permeability and overall porosity (Somasundaram, 2018;Augustin, 2020). Excessive soil consistence impairs soil moisture capacity and aeration, and biological and chemical properties change (Ernst and Emmerling, 2009;Moinfar, 2021), this leads to a decrease in yield and soil degradation (Małecka, 2012;Shah, 2017). Today we can see attempts to replace energy-intensive plowing with less expensive surface or chisel tillage and to reduce the intensity of soil loosening (Orzech and Załuski, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the hardness and moisture capacities of a typical black soil in the agrocenose of winter wheat and sunflower

Voytovyk,

PRYMAK,

TSYUK

et al. 2023

JCEA

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The investigations were done on the experimental field of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University with a typical deep low-humus chernozem. The aim of our research was to evaluate the influence of the main tillage and fertilization systems on the density, reserves of productive moisture and productivity of the agrocenosis of winter wheat and sunflower of the short crop rotation. With the use of soil tillage systems, the indicators of the treated layer of typical chernozem consistence did not exceed the optimal values. A small decrease in soil consistence was observed under differentiated and unplowed tillage compared to the variant of shallow loosening. At the beginning of the growing season of winter wheat in the soil's arable layer of 0-30 cm, the least amount of moisture was accumulated in the variants without fertilizers and the organic system of fertilization, the increase in the supply of available moisture under mineral and organic-mineral was 0.8-2.9% compared to organic. The plowing with unplowing and shallow unplowing tillage variants significantly exceeded the reserves of available moisture compared to the control by 1.2-5.5% during the wheat harvesting period. The highest yield of winter wheat and sunflower was reached under the mineral and organic-mineral fertilization system. Lower values were obtained under the organic system. The use of shallow tillage, which was carried out with disc tools to a depth of 10-12 cm, led to a significant decrease in the yield of crops compared to the control variant.

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“…The main factors that contribute to soil compaction are heavy wheel loads and the number of tractor passes in the field [9]. Soil compaction compromises aeration and the water-holding capacity of soil, and induces changes in its chemical and biological properties [12,13], leading to soil degradation and decreased crop yields [5,[14][15][16]. The adverse effects of soil compaction are visible not only in the arable layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Soil Compaction and Different Tillage Systems on the Bulk Density and Moisture Content of Soil and the Yields of Winter Oilseed Rape and Cereals

2021

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Progressive soil compaction is a disadvantage of intensive tillage. Compaction exerts a negative impact on the physical properties of soil and decreases crop performance. The adverse effects of soil compaction can be mitigated by replacing conventional tillage with simplified tillage techniques. Simplified tillage exerts a protective effect on soil, reduces production costs and preserves agricultural ecosystems. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of compaction and different tillage methods on the bulk density and moisture content of soil. The experimental factors were as follows: Soil compaction before sowing (non-compacted control treatment and experimental treatments where soil was compacted after the harvest of the preceding crop) and four different methods of seedbed preparation in a three-field rotation system (winter oilseed rape, winter wheat, spring barley). The influence of compaction on the bulk density and moisture content of soil varied across the rotated crops and their developmental stages. Soil compaction had no significant effect on the analyzed parameters in the cultivation of winter oilseed rape. In treatments sown with winter wheat, soil compaction resulted in significantly lower soil density and significantly higher soil moisture content. In plots sown with spring barley, soil compaction led to a significant increase in the values of both parameters. The average bulk density of soil after various tillage operations in the examined crop rotation system ranged from 1.49–1.69 g·m−3 (winter oilseed rape), 1.47–1.59 g·m−3 (winter wheat), 1.47–1.61 g·m−3 (spring barley). The bulk density and moisture content of soil were lowest after conventional tillage (control treatment) and higher after simplified tillage. Regardless of soil compaction, the greatest reduction in winter oilseed rape yields was noted in response to skimming, harrowing and the absence of pre-sowing plowing. Spring barley yields were higher in non-compacted treatments, whereas the reverse was observed in winter wheat. Chisel plowing and single plowing induced the greatest decrease in wheat yields relative to conventional tillage. Single plowing significantly decreased the grain yield of spring barley relative to the tillage system that involved skimming and fall plowing to a depth of 25.

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Investigating the Effect of the Tractor Drive System Type on Soil Behavior under Tractor Tires

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

A Design of an Unmanned Electric Tractor Platform

A Design of an Unmanned Electric Tractor Platform

Changes in the hardness and moisture capacities of a typical black soil in the agrocenose of winter wheat and sunflower

The Effects of Soil Compaction and Different Tillage Systems on the Bulk Density and Moisture Content of Soil and the Yields of Winter Oilseed Rape and Cereals

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