Investigating the effect of different shielding gas mixtures on microstructure and mechanical properties of 410 stainless steel fabricated via large scale additive manufacturing

Roy, Sougata; Silwal, Bishal; Nycz, Andrzej; Noakes, Mark W.; Cakmak, Ercan; Nandwana, Peeyush; Yamamoto, Yukinori

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2020.101821

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The nitrogen content, however, decreased to around 0.11% during manufacturing of the blocks as was confirmed by LECO analysis (Table 7). Nitrogen loss has been observed in previous studies on AM of DSS [20,35]. The approximately 0.05% nitrogen loss in manufacturing of the block in this research was similar to the near 0.04% nitrogen loss in the initial stage of this study on single-bead wall production by LMDw [4].…”

Section: Chemical Compositionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Wire laser metal deposition of 22% Cr duplex stainless steel: as-deposited and heat-treated microstructure and mechanical properties

et al. 2022

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Duplex stainless steel (DSS) blocks with dimensions of 150 × 70x30 mm3 were fabricated by Laser Metal Deposition with Wire (LMDw). Implementation of a programmable logic control system and the hot-wire technology provided a stable and consistent process producing high-quality and virtually defect-free deposits. Microstructure and mechanical properties were studied for as-deposited (AD) material and when heat-treated (HT) for 1 h at 1100 °C. The AD microstructure was inhomogeneous with highly ferritic areas with nitrides and austenitic regions with fine secondary austenite occurring in a periodic manner. Heat treatment produced a homogenized microstructure, free from nitrides and fine secondary austenite, with balanced ferrite and austenite fractions. Although some nitrogen was lost during LMDw, heat treatment or reheating by subsequent passes in AD allowed the formation of about 50% austenite. Mechanical properties fulfilled common requirements on strength and toughness in both as-deposited and heat-treated conditions achieving the highest strength in AD condition and best toughness and ductility in HT condition. Epitaxial ferrite growth, giving elongated grains along the build direction, resulted in somewhat higher toughness in both AD and HT conditions when cracks propagated perpendicular to the build direction. It was concluded that high-quality components can be produced by LMDw and that deposits can be used in either AD or HT conditions. The findings of this research provide valuable input for the fabrication of high-performance DSS AM components. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Chemical Compositionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Wire laser metal deposition of 22% Cr duplex stainless steel: as-deposited and heat-treated microstructure and mechanical properties

et al. 2022

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“…2c) for all the layers aside the last. Conventionally fabricated 410 stainless steel solidifies in three different paths, thereby resulting in any of the following microstructural combination: eutectic ferrite and martensitic microstructure, primary ferrite and martensitic microstructure, and fully martensitic microstructure [22]. In this study, the morphology of the transversely and longitudinally sectioned specimen is dominated by the eutectic ferrite and martensitic microstructure.…”

Section: Sem Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

Nanoindentation and Corrosion Behaviour of 410 Stainless Steel Fabricated Via Additive Manufacturing

Lesufi

Akinwamide

Makoana

et al. 2022

Trans Indian Inst Met

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This study investigates the microstructural, nanomechanical, and corrosion behaviour of different sections of 410 steel fabricated via directed energy deposition technique. The morphology exhibited by the longitudinal and transverse sections of the specimens was examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM), while micro-computed tomography technique (micro-CT) was used for examination of the internal structure of the specimens. Nanomechanical properties were assessed using a nanoindenter, while potentiodynamic polarization technique was adopted to investigate the corrosion resistance of the specimens in a chloride environment. The SEM micrographs revealed minimal pores in the specimens which confirmed the improved density in the layer-by-layer built specimen. Micro-CT images confirmed the presence of tiny pores in the specimens sectioned from the top layer of the 410 stainless steel rod in comparison with the middle- and bottom-sectioned specimens. The corrosion and post-corrosion analyses confirmed that the top specimen exhibits the least corrosion resistance in comparison with the other specimens.

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“…Compared with traditional manufacturing methods (casting, forging, etc. ), additive manufacturing can reduce complicated steps such as casting models, shorten the manufacturing time and cycle of products, and improve manufacturing efficiency and material utilization [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process uses the arc as the heat source to melt the wire and adopts the layer-by-layer cladding principle to continuously deposit the additive components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in Microstructure and Properties of 304 Steel Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing by the Micro-Control Deposition Trajectory

Zhang,

Liu,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Materials

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In this study, the GMAW welding torch was controlled by a stepping motor to achieve a periodic swing. By controlling the swing speed, a micro-variable deposition path was obtained, which was called the micro-control deposition trajectory. The influence of the micro-control deposition trajectory on the arc characteristics, microstructure, and mechanical properties of 304 steel wire arc additive manufacturing was studied. The results showed that the micro-control deposition process was affected by the swing arc and the deposition trajectory and that the arc force was dispersed over the whole deposition layer, which effectively reduced the welding heat input. However, the arc centrifugal force increased with the increase in the swing speed, which easily caused instability of the arc and large spatter. Compared with common thin-walled deposition, the deposition width of micro-control thin-walled deposition components was increased. In addition, the swinging arc had a certain stirring effect on the molten pool, which was conducive to the escape of the molten pool gas and refinement of the microstructure. Below, the interface of the deposition layer, the microstructure of the common thin-walled deposition components, and the micro-control thin-walled deposition components were composed of lathy ferrite and austenite. Compared with the common deposition, when the swing speed increased to 800 °/s, the microstructure consisted of vermicular ferrite and austenite. The tensile strength and elongation of the micro-control thin-walled deposition components are higher than those of the common thin-walled deposition components. The tensile fracture mechanism of the common thin-walled deposition components and the micro-control thin-walled deposition components was the ductile fracture mechanism.

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Investigating the effect of different shielding gas mixtures on microstructure and mechanical properties of 410 stainless steel fabricated via large scale additive manufacturing

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Wire laser metal deposition of 22% Cr duplex stainless steel: as-deposited and heat-treated microstructure and mechanical properties

Wire laser metal deposition of 22% Cr duplex stainless steel: as-deposited and heat-treated microstructure and mechanical properties

Nanoindentation and Corrosion Behaviour of 410 Stainless Steel Fabricated Via Additive Manufacturing

Improvement in Microstructure and Properties of 304 Steel Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing by the Micro-Control Deposition Trajectory

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