Investigating the dynamic relationship between litigation funding, gold, bitcoin and the stock market: The case of Australia

COVID‐19 and ESG preferences: Corporate bonds versus equities

“…The present study employs Diebold and Yilmaz's (2012) spillovers framework to capture net pairwise return spillover effects between the undertaken indices. Cross‐market shocks using the forecast error variance decompositions (FEVDs) are modeled in a generalized framework (Singh, 2020; Singh, 2021; Singh & Kaur, 2017; Singh & Singh, 2016). The generalized version of the model shows variance to variable i due to innovations to variable j .…”

“…Lastly, I also examine regime‐switches, that is, two regimes with switching at the unconditional mean and standard deviation levels, for the respective net pairwise return spillover indices: gathered from Diebold and Yilmaz's (2012) spillovers framework (Hamilton, 1989; Schaller & Norden, 1997; Singh, 2020; Singh, 2021): where PS t is the net pairwise return spillover series at time t , and a 0 , a 1 , σ 0 and σ 1 are the mean and standard deviation levels across the respective regimes. The model follows a first‐order Markov chain, wherein the probability of a given state depends on the state last period ( S t ).…”

“…Lastly, I also examine regime-switches, that is, two regimes with switching at the unconditional mean and standard deviation levels, for the respective net pairwise return spillover indices: gathered from Diebold and Yilmaz's (2012) spillovers framework (Hamilton, 1989;Schaller & Norden, 1997;Singh, 2020;Singh, 2021):…”

Resilience to Crude Oil: Australian Evidence on Litigation Funding

“…Litigation funding is an alternative emerging asset class that acts as a potential diversification candidate during crisis periods. Recently, Singh (2021) investigated the dynamic relationship between litigation funding, gold, bitcoin, and the Australian stock market. The author finds that litigation funding is relatively immune from market shocks and provides potential portfolio diversification benefits, like gold, during uncertain times.…”

“…Litigation funding is gaining momentum in Australia; however, there remains a lack of understanding regarding how litigation funding relates to the crude oil market. Litigation funding covers lawsuitrelated expenses by a third party using the legal outcome as collateral (Singh, 2021). For funding lawsuit-related expenses, litigation funders get a portion of any awarded amount if the case is won.…”