Investigating the Diels-Alder reactivity of the natural pyrethrins

Markham, Todd E.; Duggan, Peter J.; Johnston, Martin R.

doi:10.1016/j.tet.2023.133326

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Natural pyrethrins (NPs) are extracted from the flowers of cinerariaefolium , encompassing six active ingredients, namely type I pyrethrins and type II pyrethrins [ 3 ]. The primary toxic mechanism of NPs is that they alter nerve functions by prolonging the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels, resulting in the production of neurotoxic effects that ultimately induce general exhaustion and eventual mortality in insects [ 4 ]. Although NPs are toxic for honey-bees, other pollinating insects, and fish, they are widely acknowledged for their minimal toxicity to mammals and limited environmental persistence, thus establishing them as the safest option.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Pyrethrin-Induced Oxidative Damage in Human Liver Cells through Nrf-2 Signaling Pathway

Yang,

Wei,

Ying

et al. 2024

Toxics

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Natural pyrethrins (NPs), one kind of bio-pesticide, have been widely used in organic agriculture and ecological environment studies. Studies have shown that NPs may affect the metabolism of rat liver and human hepatocytes; nevertheless, the toxic effects of NPs on the liver and the related mechanisms are still incompletely understood. In this research, we utilized three types of human liver cells to investigate the mechanism of NPs’ induction of oxidative stress. The results showed that NPs exhibit noteworthy cytotoxic effects on human liver cells. These effects are characterized by the induction of LDH release, mitochondrial collapse, and an increased production of ROS and MDA content, subsequently activating the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/Nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor 2 (Keap1/Nrf-2) pathway. The ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) can alleviate ROS/Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress. In addition, the siRNA knockdown of Nrf-2 exacerbated the injury, including ROS production, and inhibited cell viability. In summary, the ROS-mediated Keap1/Nrf-2 pathway could be an important regulator of NP-induced damage in human liver cells, which further illustrates the hepatotoxicity of NPs and thereby contributes to the scientific basis for further exploration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%