Investigating the antioxidant potential of licorice extracts obtained through different extraction modes

Abstract

In the current study, antioxidant potential of licorice extracts was determined through different assays. For optimum recovery of bioactive components, three solvents (ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate) were employed at different ratios with water (25:75, 50:50, and 75:25) and supercritical fluid extracts (SFE) were obtained at varying pressures (3,500, 4,500, and 5,500 psi).Results exhibited that the extraction of antioxidant compounds from licorice increased with increasing solvent concentration. Among solvent extracts, 75% ethanolic extract showed highest total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TF), and antioxidant activity. The supercritical CO 2 extract obtained at 5,500 psi pressure exhibited highest values for TPC, TF, and antioxidant capacity. It was evident from HPLC analysis that the highest recovery of major bioactive components (glycyrrhizin and glabridin) was obtained through supercritical CO 2 extraction at elevated pressures. Practical applicationsLicorice is a rich source of biologically active components with history of medicinal use. The current study provides an approach to maximize the recovery of desired components from licorice that can be used in different formulations with antioxidant potential. K E Y W O R D S antioxidant activity, licorice, phytochemical content, solvent extraction, supercritical CO 2 extraction

Intensification of polyphenols extraction from orange peels using infrared as a novel and energy saving pretreatment

“…Second, IR pretreatment time was varied between 5 and 20 min and US were applied at a fixed duration of 30 min on pretreated orange peels (red curve). The inhibition percentage represents the free radical scavenging activity of the extracted polyphenols, attributed to their hydroxyl groups (Sohail, Rakha, Butt, & Asghar, ). It is important to maintain polyphenols bioactive properties, amongst which antiradical activity, after the extraction process.…”

Use of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Herb as a Feed Additive in Poultry: Current Knowledge and Prospects

“…Previous reports have shown that more than 20 triterpenoids and 300 flavonoids have been procured from licorice [13]. Glycyrrhizin constitutes up to 25% of the licorice root extract [14]. Glycyrrhizin consists of glucuronic acid (two molecules) and glycyrrhetinic acid (one molecule) [15].…”

“…Previous phytochemical analyses have revealed that the bioactive components of the licorice root include flavonoids (isoflavonoids and liquiritin), glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritigenin, triterpenes (glycyrrhizin), and saponins, which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties [20,21,22,23]. Various modes of action with regards to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of licorice can be narrated as: licorice extracts inhibits the lipid peroxidation of mitochondria, decreases the oxidative rate and reactive substance formation of thiobarbituric acid; protects from scavenging free radicals; stimulates antioxidant enzyme activities; inhibits the activity of phospholipase A2 that acts as a critical enzyme in various inflammatory processes; Licochalcone inhibits lipopolysaccharide- induced inflammatory responses; Lico A derived from the licorice root inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in a dose-dependent manner by suppressing the activation of NF-κB and p38/ERK MAPK signaling; licochalcone A prevents cellular oxidation; licorice flavonoids renders a pro-inflammatory action; flavonoids might target the NF-κB signaling pathway to prevent the secretion of inflammatory cytokines; glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritigenin, and liquiritin can reduce the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the liver, and block the generation of several inflammatory mediators created by activated macrophages; glycyrrhizic acid directly inhibits prostaglandin E2 formation and cyclooxygenase activity and indirectly inhibits platelet aggregation and inflammatory factors [8,14,23,24,25]. Glycyrrhetinic acid might lead to the delayed secretion of cortisol with subsequent high levels of oxidation that resulted in increased heart weight in hens [26].…”

Drying of licorice root by novel radiative methods

“…Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a perennial herbaceous plant consisting of 5-9 leaves which is 50-200 cm in height and grow in wet and humid places, with bluish-purple flowers and upright, sparse hairy covered, and elliptical leaves. It has been used for medical purposes since 500 BC (Arlı et al, 2002;Sohail et al, 2018). Six of the 12 species of Glycyrrhiza (Leguminosae) are grow in Turkey, and these varieties are divided into two groups as naked (var.…”