Investigating the anticipatory nature of pattern perception in sport

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine the anticipatory nature of pattern perception in sport by using static and moving basketball patterns across three different display types. Participants of differing skill levels were included in order to determine whether the effects would be moderated by the knowledge and experience of the observer in the same manner reported previously for simple images. The results from a pattern recognition task showed that both expert and recreational participants were more likely to anticipate the next likely state of a pattern when it was presented as a moving video, but only the experts appeared to have the depth of understanding required to elicit the same anticipatory encoding for patterns presented as schematic images. The results extend those reported in previous research and provide further evidence of an anticipatory encoding in pattern perception for images containing complex, interrelated patterns.

Development of a new lines of sight analyzer while playing sport

“…Gorman et al and Land et al have reported that experienced players predictively look ahead their lines of sight to the next destination [12,13]. In our experimental results, the experienced players predict the runners' movement and they moved their lines of sight to the first base.…”

Effects of sport expertise on representational momentum during timing control

“…Previous studies concerning sports expertise effects on RM have reported that experts can perceive the next likely state of a play pattern, while novices cannot (Didierjean & Marmèche, 2005;Gorman et al, 2011). In addition to this qualitative difference, recent evidence from driving (Blättler et al, 2010(Blättler et al, , 2012 and basketball activities (Gorman et al, 2012) has shown that experts can perceive states further in the future than can novices (i.e., quantitative difference; see Gilis, Helsen, Catteeuw, & Wagemans, 2008 for an exception).…”

“…It has been reported that when participants watched scenes of simulated road driving or aircraft landing scenes, experienced automobile drivers and aviation pilots had a larger forward displacement than did inexperienced individuals (Blättler, Ferrari, Didierjean, van Elslande, & Marmèche, 2010;Blättler, Ferrari, Didierjean, & Marmèche, 2011;Blättler, Ferrari, Didierjean, & Marmèche, 2012). In the sports domain, Gorman, Abernethy, and Farrow (2011) reported that when expert basketball players were provided with a static schematic or a moving video from their domain of expertise, the players perceived the next likely state of the play pattern (see also, Didierjean & Marmèche, 2005;Gorman, Abernethy, & Farrow, 2012). These studies indicate that knowledge acquired through years of experience with a particular behavioral domain (e.g., sports) modulates RM magnitude on perceptual judgments in the domain of expertise, and that experts in a particular domain have a more refined ability to extrapolate future events than do novices.…”

The Role of Central and Peripheral Vision in Expert Decision Making

“…The dynamic visual stimuli were video clips of five-on-five basketball play (see Gorman et al 2011Gorman et al , 2012). The video footage was filmed using a stationary camera placed on a raised platform at the half-court position, with all players and all markings on one half of the court visible at all times.…”