Investigating the accumulation and translocation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with different surface modifications in static and dynamic human placental transfer models

Abstract

Investigating the accumulation and translocation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with different surface modifications in static and dynamic human placental transfer models. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, (25 pp.).

Translocation of (ultra)fine particles and nanoparticles across the placenta; a systematic review on the evidence of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies

“…, human villous mesenchymal fibroblasts) ( N = 1) [ 32 ]. Transwell inserts were made from polycarbonate [ 31 , 33 – 36 ] or polyethylene terephthalate [ 34 ] with a 0.4 μm [ 22 – 26 , 28 ] or 3 μm [ 31 , 33 – 36 ] pore size. Moreover, a total of 4 studies [ 31 , 34 – 36 ] pre-coated the insert with human placental collagen IV to aid cell adherence and growth.…”

“…Transwell inserts were made from polycarbonate [ 31 , 33 – 36 ] or polyethylene terephthalate [ 34 ] with a 0.4 μm [ 22 – 26 , 28 ] or 3 μm [ 31 , 33 – 36 ] pore size. Moreover, a total of 4 studies [ 31 , 34 – 36 ] pre-coated the insert with human placental collagen IV to aid cell adherence and growth. Almost all in vitro studies adopted a 24 h NP incubation period, while other studies used 4 h [ 27 ], 6 h [ 24 ], or 48 h [ 29 , 30 ] of incubation.…”

“…Aengenheister et al showed a translocation success of 0.2 and 1.3% across a BeWo b30 monolayer, 0.1 and 3.6% across an HPEC-A2 monolayer, and 0.1 and 0.6% across the detailed co-culture, respectively for 3 nm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated and 4 nm carboxylated Au NPs [ 31 ]. Additionally, the same research group reported a negligible transplacental transfer of carboxylated and aminylated TiO 2 NPs across similar cellular barriers [ 34 ]. Multiple studies focused on the effect of particle size and concluded a size-dependent particle transport as larger particles were primarily internalized by the cells with limited transfer to the basolateral compartment [ 26 , 27 , 32 ].…”

“…Starch- and CMX-coated SPIONS (neutral and anionic, respectively) were able to pass the cell layer to a greater extent. [ 34 ] BeWo b30/ HPEC-A2 a TiO 2 NPs/ amine or carboxyl 4 to 8 b 1 μg/mL/ 6 or 24 h SF-ICP-MS / No transplacental transfer of TiO 2 NPs. Both types internalized in the BeWo b30 and HPEC-A2 cells of the co-culture.…”

“…Almost all included studies adopted a 6 h placental perfusion duration ( N = 10) with the most frequently used NPs being PS ( N = 4) [ 40 – 43 ] and Au ( N = 3) [ 23 , 31 , 38 ]. A total of 4 studies combined results from in vitro cell barriers and ex vivo placental perfusion studies to gain additional insights on the kinetics of particles at the placenta [ 23 , 25 , 31 , 34 ]. Overall, the ex vivo placental transfer studies reported a substantial decrease in particle concentration in the maternal perfusate over time, without a corresponding increase in the fetal circulation, indicating NP accumulation in the placental tissue.…”