“…Despite this, CW Doppler lidars are susceptible to interference from moving objects away from the intended focus point, such as flying birds. Besides, their spatial resolution decreases as the focus distance increases, which may degrade the accuracy of wind velocity and turbulence measurements by CW lidars (Jin et al, 2022b). Therefore, we placed the three lidars as close to the intended scanning positions as possible to decrease the measurement volume (Angelou et al, 2012) and minimize potential biases resulting from volume averaging (Clive, 2008;Sjöholm et al, 2009;Forsting et al, 2017).…”