Investigating Potential Water Quality Impacts of Fungicides Used to Combat Soybean Rust in Indiana

Singh, Debjani; Engel, Bernard A.; Harbor, Jonathan M.; Hahn, Leighanne; Lim, Kyoung Jae; Zhai, Tian‐Tian

doi:10.1007/s11270-009-0135-4

Cited by 60 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Similarly, Great Britain has experienced an increase in the use of strobilurin fungicides within the last decade, with the use of pyraclostrobin nearly doubling between 2007 and 2008, from 72,836 to 123,330 kg applied (http://pusstats.csl.gov.uk/). This is in part due to recent disease outbreaks, such as soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) (Deb et al 2010), where recently developed strobilurin fungicides have been deemed the only effective means to combating the disease (Shaner et al 2005). Strobilurins have a non-specific mode of action, binding to the Q 0 site in the mitochondria and thus blocking electron transfer between cytochrome b and c complexes and inhibiting cellular respiration of any organism with mitochondria (Bartlett et al 2002;Balba 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute toxicity of three strobilurin fungicide formulations and their active ingredients to tadpoles

et al. 2012

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Fungicide applications in the United States have increased tenfold in the last 5 years. Formulations and active ingredients (AIs) have been demonstrated to cause acute mortality to amphibian life stages. However, there has been little to no discrimination between the toxicity of fungicide formulations and their AIs. Therefore, we compared the acute toxicity of the active ingredients and formulations of the fungicides Headline®, Stratego®, and Quilt® using Bufo cognatus tadpoles exposed to four concentrations and a control. All fungicides, including AIs and formulations, demonstrated toxicity to tadpoles, with Headline® and Stratego® causing 100 % mortality at the highest concentrations. Exposure to Quilt® formulation and its AIs resulted in 50-60 % tadpole mortality. Overall, toxicity was comparable between AIs and formulations for all fungicides and concentrations, with the exception of Headline® at 5 μg/L, where formulation exposure resulted in 79 % mortality versus no mortality from exposure to the AI. Results suggest the AIs are responsible for most mortality for Quilt® and Stratego®. Results for Headline® however suggest that although the AI is toxic to tadpoles at environmentally relevant concentrations, adjuvant(s) in the Headline® formulation also contribute to mortality, making it the most toxic of the fungicides studied.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute toxicity of three strobilurin fungicide formulations and their active ingredients to tadpoles

et al. 2012

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“…Subsurface flow also explains the detection of this pesticide in points AS3 and AS6 in June, when pesticides are generally not applied in the region. In India, Deb et al 35 also reported detection of flutriafol below root level and subsequently in the water table.…”

Section: Pesticides In Surface Watermentioning

confidence: 98%

Environmental dynamics of pesticides in the drainage area of the São Lourenço River headwaters, Mato Grosso State, Brazil

Casara¹,

Vecchiato²,

Lourencetti³

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Este estudo avaliou a dinâmica de pesticidas na cabeceira de drenagem do Rio São Lourenço, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Os pesticidas atrazina, flutriafol, metolacloro, α-e β-endosulfan e os metabólitos endosulfan sulfato, desetilatrazina e desisopropilatrazina foram determinados em amostras de água (superficial, subterrânea, de chuva e de escoamento superficial) e de sedimento (de escoamento superficial e de fundo) coletadas entre agosto de 2009 e julho de 2010 utilizando SPE-GC/MS-SIM (extração em fase sólida-cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas em modo de monitoramento seletivo de íons). Os resultados demonstraram que o escoamento superficial e a deposição atmosférica são processos importantes de entrada de pesticidas na água superficial, principalmente por pesticidas altamente adsorvidos nas partículas de sedimento, cuja concentração máxima foi de 2218 mg kg -1 para β-endosulfan, e dissolvidos em água com concentração máxima de 28,3 mg L -1 para atrazina. Endosulfan sulfato, atrazina e metolacloro foram os compostos detectados com maior frequência. A lixiviação foi uma via importante de transporte devido ao comportamento hídrico do solo e ao baixo nível do lençol freático, levando à contaminação de águas subterrâneas bem como de águas superficiais devido ao fluxo em subsuperfície.This study assessed the environmental dynamics of pesticides in the São Lourenço River headwaters, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The pesticides atrazine, flutriafol, metolachlor, α-and β-endosulfan and the metabolites endosulfan sulfate, desethylatrazine and desisopropylatrazine were determined in water (rain, surface, ground and runoff) and in sediment (runoff and bottom) samples, collected from August 2009 to July 2010, by SPE-GC/MS-SIM (solid phase extractiongas chromatography/mass detector with selected ion monitoring). Runoff and rain atmospheric deposition showed to be important pathways for surface water contamination mainly by highly sorbed pesticides found in sediment with maximum concentration of 2218 mg kg -1 for β-endosulfan, and in water with maximum concentration of 28.3 mg L -1 for atrazine. Endosulfan sulfate, atrazine and metolachlor were the compounds with the highest frequency of detection. Leaching was an important process of off-site transport mainly due to the hydric behavior of soil and the low depth of water table, leading to contamination of groundwater as well as surface water via subsurface flow.Keywords: pesticide, runoff, leaching, off-site transport, water contamination IntroductionAgricultural production is an important source of income, especially in developing countries where several economy sectors such as the tertiary sector benefit from this activity. However, the potential harm to the environment grows with increases in production. In Brazil, the highly technological agricultural production is responsible for a great portion of Brazilian export revenue. This type of production demands a great amount of inputs such as pesticides and fertilizers.Pesticides used in agriculture, after reachi...

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“…By 2009, 14 fungicides were registered for treatment of soybean rust because cultural practices have little or no effect on that disease (Battaglin et al 2011). Currently fungicides are the only option for managing the fungus until disease-resistant soybean varieties are developed (Deb et al 2010). AZX is expected to be mobile in the environment because it is highly water soluble, slow to degrade in soil and water, and unlikely to volatilize (Battaglin et al 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AZX bioconcentration factors, bioaccumulation potential or biomagnification values have been scarce in the literature (Rodrigues et al 2013). Currently, its impact on non-target species is not fully known (Deb et al 2010) and its use has created concern because the mode of action is not specific to just fungi. AZX concentrations in run-off waters range from 1 to 30 lg/L (Berenzen et al 2005;Deb et al 2010;Battaglin et al 2011), levels considered toxic to calanoid copepods (Gustafsson et al 2010) and fish like the Atlantic salmon (Olsvik et al 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, its impact on non-target species is not fully known (Deb et al 2010) and its use has created concern because the mode of action is not specific to just fungi. AZX concentrations in run-off waters range from 1 to 30 lg/L (Berenzen et al 2005;Deb et al 2010;Battaglin et al 2011), levels considered toxic to calanoid copepods (Gustafsson et al 2010) and fish like the Atlantic salmon (Olsvik et al 2010). In relation to genotoxicity, AZX showed to be clastogenic in invertebrates (Han et al 2014) as well as in vertebrates (Bony et al 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Azoxystrobin Causes Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in the Aquatic Macrophyte Myriophyllum quitense

Garanzini

Menone

2014

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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Among the search for new types of pesticides, the fungicide azoxystrobin (AZX) was the first patent of the strobilurin compounds, entering in the market in 1996. Its use worldwide is growing, mainly linked to soybean production, although its effects in non-target organisms are almost unknown. The goal of the present work was to evaluate effects of short-term AZX exposure to the aquatic macrophyte Myriophyllum quitense, focusing on oxidative stress parameters and DNA fragmentation. Significant inhibition of the antioxidant enzyme systems were observed at 50 μg/L AZX for catalase and peroxidase (p < 0.05). Lipid and DNA damage were significant at 50 and 100 μg/L AZX. These biomarkers were sensitive to AZX and can be used in a battery to evaluate the occurrence of AZX in freshwater ecosystems.

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Investigating Potential Water Quality Impacts of Fungicides Used to Combat Soybean Rust in Indiana

Cited by 60 publications

References 35 publications

Acute toxicity of three strobilurin fungicide formulations and their active ingredients to tadpoles

Acute toxicity of three strobilurin fungicide formulations and their active ingredients to tadpoles

Environmental dynamics of pesticides in the drainage area of the São Lourenço River headwaters, Mato Grosso State, Brazil

Azoxystrobin Causes Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in the Aquatic Macrophyte Myriophyllum quitense

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