Investigating Plant Phenotype, Salinity, and Infestation by the Roseau Cane Scale as Factors in the Die-Back of Phragmites australis in the Mississippi River Delta, USA

Knight, Ian A.; Cronin, James T.; Gill, Madeline; Nyman, John A.; Wilson, B. H.; Díaz, Rodrigo

doi:10.1007/s13157-020-01307-3

Cited by 16 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…We found that the density of live immature scales in Taiwan increased markedly over the growing season and declined towards the late season in November. This aligns with the previous studies of the scale in Japan (Kaneko, 2004) and in the United States (Knight et al, 2020), who reported that the abundance of scales increased significantly over the growing season and declined as the winter season began. Since the development of insects occurs within a specific temperature range, a change in temperature will influence the subsequent development rate, the duration of the life cycle and, ultimately, survival (Howe, 1967).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…biwakoensis in the Mississippi River Delta, USA, where it was found that during the summer, at peak scale activity, nearly 100% of stems were infested by N . biwakoensis and these stems had an average of 150 live scales per metre stem (Knight et al., 2020). Whereas in Taiwan we found that the maximum mean stem height was very close to 1.50 m, in the Mississippi River Delta, the mean stem height increased over the course of the growing season, reaching about 2 m (Knight et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stem height was measured from the base of the stem to the apical meristem of the shoot. Percentage green stem was defined as an index of the extent of plant senescence and was estimated visually as the percentage of the stem covered by green leaf sheath tissue (as in Knight et al., 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knight et al. (2020) found that scale densities were up to seven times greater on the Delta‐type compared to the EU‐type. Similarly, scales reduced biomass of the Delta‐type and EU‐type by 38% and 32% (Cronin et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Mississippi River Delta region includes several lineages of P . australis, and these appear to respond differently to the scale (Cronin et al., 2020; Knight et al., 2020). Knight et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploratory surveys in Taiwan of the roseau cane scale Nipponaclerda biwakoensis Kuwana (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae) and its associated parasitoids

Cortez

Chu

Broadley³

et al. 2022

J Applied Entomology

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Roseau cane (Phragmites australis (Cav). Trin. ex Steud.) is the dominant plant species of the Mississippi River Delta in Louisiana, USA, and protects the coastline from erosion and storm-related impacts, maintaining shipping channels and oil infrastructure.Widespread dieback and thinning of P. australis were noted in the Mississippi River Delta in the fall of 2016. Invasive populations of the roseau cane scale (Nipponaclerda biwakoensis Kuwana), which is native to Asia, were found at outbreak levels in the stands. Subsequent research implicated N. biwakoensis in the diebacks. As a safe, costeffective and long-term approach for managing this invasive scale, classical (importation) biological control methods are being considered. As the first step to developing biological control, research evaluating the natural enemies of the N. biwakoensis in the native range is necessary. This study investigated the population dynamics of N. biwakoensis and its associated parasitoids on P. australis in Taiwan from July to November 2019 at five study sites. Scale densities across sites increased over the growing season, peaking in September at 85.77 ± 6.36 scales/stem, which is half as dense as found in Louisiana. Mean parasitism of adult female scales across sites and season was 14.00%, while parasitism on immature scales was lower (3.00%). Four parasitoid wasp species were reared from the scale-Asytymachus lasallei Noyes and Higashiura, Boucekiella depressa Hoffer, Neastymachus japonicus Tachikawa and Aprostocetus sp.Westwood. Neastymachus japonicus was the dominant species parasitizing adult female scales, while A. lasallei was the dominant wasp species parasitizing immature scales. Astymachus lasallei and B. depressa were frequently reared from the same individual host, suggesting multiparasitism or hyperparasitism. Overall, this study provides important information on the identity and role of parasitoids of N. biwakoensis in its native range, which will aid in developing a classical biological control programme for the invasive N. biwakoensis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploratory surveys in Taiwan of the roseau cane scale Nipponaclerda biwakoensis Kuwana (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae) and its associated parasitoids

Cortez

Chu

Broadley³

et al. 2022

J Applied Entomology

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Bird predation on Roseau cane scale as revealed by a web image search and querying a citizen monitoring database

Noriyuki

Matsumoto

Yoshikawa³

et al. 2023

Ecosphere

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An invasion of Roseau cane scale, Nipponaclerda biwakoensis, native to East Asia, is associated with recent widespread dieback of common reed stands in the Mississippi River Delta, Louisiana. A previous study suggested that, in its native range, the combined mortality from Common Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus and parasitoid wasps may control the abundance of Roseau cane scale. However, there is limited knowledge about which other bird species may prey on Roseau cane scale or the feeding patterns of these birds. Here we used web search and citizen science monitoring data to tabulate bird predation events on Roseau cane scales across sites in Japan and determine which bird species may be the most important predators and when the observed feeding typically occurs. We scanned web entries using both Google image searches and the social networking services including Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. Additionally, we accessed long‐term field observation records obtained by volunteer monitoring conducted by the members of the Kanagawa Branch of the Wild Bird Society of Japan. By using these citizen science approaches, we detected 16 bird species, mainly Common Reed Bunting but also other migratory and resident species, preying on the Roseau cane scale in reed beds throughout central Japan and most detection occurred during the winter. This study demonstrates that biological information obtained from publicly available data from citizen observers can be useful for exploring ecological patterns of various species including potential predators against invasive species.

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Fire in Floodplain Forests of the Southeastern USA

Gagnon

Battaglia

Hanberry

et al. 2021

Fire Ecology and Management: Past, Present, and Future of US Forested Ecosystems

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Investigating Plant Phenotype, Salinity, and Infestation by the Roseau Cane Scale as Factors in the Die-Back of Phragmites australis in the Mississippi River Delta, USA

Cited by 16 publications

References 41 publications

Exploratory surveys in Taiwan of the roseau cane scale Nipponaclerda biwakoensis Kuwana (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae) and its associated parasitoids

Exploratory surveys in Taiwan of the roseau cane scale Nipponaclerda biwakoensis Kuwana (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae) and its associated parasitoids

Bird predation on Roseau cane scale as revealed by a web image search and querying a citizen monitoring database

Fire in Floodplain Forests of the Southeastern USA

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