Investigating phenotypic structures and allelochemical compounds of the fruits of Momordica charantia L. genotypes as sources of resistance against Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Allelochemical resistance traits of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) against the fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) in a hot arid region of India

“…The leaf extract showed the highest total phenolic content (26.4 ± 0.3 mg GAE/g extract) and total flavinoid content (69.7 ± 3.37 μg RE/g extract). Similar findings showed that pH was lowest in resistant varieties/ genotypes and tannin, flavanol and phenol contents were highest in resistant varieties/ genotypes (Gogi et al 2010b). Total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and pH of fruit had a significant positive correlation, whereas tannins, phenols, alkaloids and flavinoid contents had significant negative correlations with the percent fruit infestation and the larval density per fruit.…”

“…Selection is regulated primarily by chemoreception (Gogi et al 2010b;Jeremy & Szentesi 2003). Plant varieties/ genotypes possess physiological and biochemical variations due to the environmental stress or genetic makeup, which alter the nutritional values for herbivores (Gogi et al 2010b;Misirli et al 2000;Rafiq et al 2008).…”

“…Selection is regulated primarily by chemoreception (Gogi et al 2010b;Jeremy & Szentesi 2003). Plant varieties/ genotypes possess physiological and biochemical variations due to the environmental stress or genetic makeup, which alter the nutritional values for herbivores (Gogi et al 2010b;Misirli et al 2000;Rafiq et al 2008). In the present study, AHMM/BR-1, RM-50 and AHMM/BR-8 were the most resistant; MHY-5, D. Madhu and P. Sarabati were moderately resistant; AHMM/BR-13, P. Madhuras and Arka Jeet were susceptible; whereas Arka Rajhans and GMM-3 were the highly susceptible varieties/ genotypes in both seasons.…”

“…The Japanese liqueur Midori is flavored with muskmelon. Plants are generally exposed to a variety of biotic and abiotic factors that may alter their genotypic and/or phenotypic properties resulting in different mechanisms of resistance which enable plants to avoid, tolerate or recover from the effects of pest attacks (Gogi et al 2010b;Pedigo 1996;Sarfraz et al 2006). Such mechanisms of plant resistance have been effectively used against insect pests in many field and horticultural crops (Dhillon et al 2005b;Gogi et al 2010a;Kogan 1982;Sarfraz et al 2007).…”

“…Mechanisms of resistance in plants are either constitutive or induced (Karban & Agrawal 2002;Painter 1951;Traw & Dawson 2002) and are grouped into three main categories: antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance (Painter 1951). Plants responsible for antibiosis resistance may cause reduced insect survival, prolonged developmental time, decreased size and reduced fitness of new generation adults (Gogi et al 2010b;Painter 1951;Sarfraz et al 2006Sarfraz et al , 2007.…”