Investigating Parents’ Attitudes towards the Use of Child Restraint Systems by Comparing Non-Users and User Parents

Abstract

In developing countries, there are no laws to enforce child safety seat use, so there is still a very low rate of use. This study aimed to understand parents’ attitudes toward CRS use based on the health belief model (HBM) theory. To find realistic policies encouraging the use of CRSs, the model was split into two sub-models: a group of parents using a CRS (CRS user) and a group of parents not using a CRS (CRS non-user). Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation modeling (SEM), and measurement invariance (MI) to test the differences between the two parent groups, the CFA results indicated that there were six constructs based on the HBM. According to the individual models of SEM, in the CRS non-user model, no significant latent construct was found to affect the use of CRSs, whereas in the CRS user model, the perceived severity and the cues to action were significant for using a CRS (p < 0.05). The MI results indicated that the attitudes of the two parent groups were different. The recommendations for policies obtained from the study results include promotion aimed toward increasing safety awareness, public relations regarding CRS usefulness, and pricing strategies from the government sector.

Analyzing Near-Miss Incidents and Risky Riding Behavior in Thailand: A Comparative Study of Urban and Rural Areas

“…A concept-based theory's primary benefit is that it allows for analytical evaluation and provides a framework for understanding how measured quantities indicate psychological, social, and business elements. By combining CFA results with tests of construct validity, researchers gain a comprehensive understanding of the quality of measurement [52]. This study, in the confirmatory factor analysis section, aimed to identify the components of motorcycle rider behavior, including control errors, violations (VI), and safety equipment (SE).…”

Assessing the Self-Report Instruments of Younger Versus Older Riders Involved in Near-Miss Motorcycle Incidents

“…This congruence was evident, as all indicators exhibited notable statistical significance. It is noteworthy to mention that prior scholarly investigations have also deemed factor loading values surpassing the threshold of 0.20 to be satisfactory and acceptable within this context [41,70].…”

Influencing Travelers’ Behavior in Thailand Comparing Situations of during and Post COVID-19

“…Various studies have applied the HBM in decision-making in different scenarios. For example, Champahom et al [24] examined decision-making regarding child restraint use, while Jomnonkwao et al [25] focused on the motivation for wearing helmets. Suess et al [26] analyzed the benefits of a COVID-19 vaccine based on the HBM.…”

“…Furthermore, a frequently employed method for causal modeling is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). SEM enables the construction of a comprehensive model to examine causal relationships between latent variables, encompassing both latent and observed variables [24]. This academic study delves into the exploration of factors, grounded in the Health Belief Model (HBM), and their influence on travel intention and frequency in developing countries.…”