“…First, students' collaborative learning experiences might fuel their attitudes and motivation to program. Students are more motivated and have more positive feelings while continuously improving programming artefacts and learning better (Sison, 2008). Second, the process of verbalizing their thoughts while programming collaboratively helps students formulate better ideas (Wei et al, 2021).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One is that the affective competencies developed in collaborative programming might benefit students to improve programming outcomes. Sison (2008) reported that students' programming progress was largely due to positive feelings: "This was due to the sheer fun of social interaction F I G U R E 4 Funnel plot of the cognitive competency model and to positive feelings that arose as a result of helping and being helped". The other is that communication and interaction among teams can help students verbalise thoughts and solve problems.…”
Section: Cognitive Competenciesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…I feel that there were many difficult problems that I did not know how to solve; yet, with my partner, we were able to figure out a lot more solutions." Similarly, Sison (2008) reported that "there was a lot of learning. Drivers learned from navigators, and navigators learned from drivers".…”
Section: Cognitive Competenciesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In so doing, they become accountable for their actions in team learning, as reflected in students rating their partners' contributions at desirable levels (Xu & Rajlich, 2006). The qualitative data from several studies (n = 4) indicated that students' social skills, such as role-taking and communication, influence their cognitive or affective outcomes (Kongcharoen et al, 2017;Maguire et al, 2014;Sison, 2008;Wei et al, 2021). However, this area of research is still blurry, with limited empirical data.…”
Computational thinking (CT), which is a cognitive skill used to solve problems with computational solutions, has drawn increasing attention among researchers and practitioners due to the growing recognition of CT competence as a 21st century skill. Collaboration is commonly integrated into CT education to facilitate novice learning, but there is inadequate knowledge regarding the influences of collaboration in CT education. This meta-analysis examined the overall effects on the cognitive, social and affective competencies of collaborative versus individual problem solving in CT through programming. We identified 33 publications involving 4717 learners, which allowed for 220 effect size comparisons. We found a medium effect size (Hedges' g = 0.562; p < 0.001) in favour of collaborative problem solving on cognitive learning outcomes and a small effect size (Hedges' g = 0.316; p < 0.01) on affective learning outcomes using a randomeffects model. Categorical moderator analysis revealed the moderating effects of educational level, programming environment, study duration, grouping method and group size. The competency model that was generated from the synthesized literature on
“…First, students' collaborative learning experiences might fuel their attitudes and motivation to program. Students are more motivated and have more positive feelings while continuously improving programming artefacts and learning better (Sison, 2008). Second, the process of verbalizing their thoughts while programming collaboratively helps students formulate better ideas (Wei et al, 2021).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One is that the affective competencies developed in collaborative programming might benefit students to improve programming outcomes. Sison (2008) reported that students' programming progress was largely due to positive feelings: "This was due to the sheer fun of social interaction F I G U R E 4 Funnel plot of the cognitive competency model and to positive feelings that arose as a result of helping and being helped". The other is that communication and interaction among teams can help students verbalise thoughts and solve problems.…”
Section: Cognitive Competenciesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…I feel that there were many difficult problems that I did not know how to solve; yet, with my partner, we were able to figure out a lot more solutions." Similarly, Sison (2008) reported that "there was a lot of learning. Drivers learned from navigators, and navigators learned from drivers".…”
Section: Cognitive Competenciesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In so doing, they become accountable for their actions in team learning, as reflected in students rating their partners' contributions at desirable levels (Xu & Rajlich, 2006). The qualitative data from several studies (n = 4) indicated that students' social skills, such as role-taking and communication, influence their cognitive or affective outcomes (Kongcharoen et al, 2017;Maguire et al, 2014;Sison, 2008;Wei et al, 2021). However, this area of research is still blurry, with limited empirical data.…”
Computational thinking (CT), which is a cognitive skill used to solve problems with computational solutions, has drawn increasing attention among researchers and practitioners due to the growing recognition of CT competence as a 21st century skill. Collaboration is commonly integrated into CT education to facilitate novice learning, but there is inadequate knowledge regarding the influences of collaboration in CT education. This meta-analysis examined the overall effects on the cognitive, social and affective competencies of collaborative versus individual problem solving in CT through programming. We identified 33 publications involving 4717 learners, which allowed for 220 effect size comparisons. We found a medium effect size (Hedges' g = 0.562; p < 0.001) in favour of collaborative problem solving on cognitive learning outcomes and a small effect size (Hedges' g = 0.316; p < 0.01) on affective learning outcomes using a randomeffects model. Categorical moderator analysis revealed the moderating effects of educational level, programming environment, study duration, grouping method and group size. The competency model that was generated from the synthesized literature on
“…On the social side, it helps form more active laboratory atmosphere than the traditional laboratory; under such friendly atmosphere, students will be more productive, have less frustration [12,13] and enhance self-confidence and enjoyment [13,14,15]. On the technical side, PP can help improve the individual's coding ability [14,16], improve design quality [13], reduce the number of defects [14,15], reduce risks [14], and enhance the quality of the final program [13] by establishing collaboration among students. On the educational side, PP can also reduce number of cheating cases [13], help reduce the workload of educators [13], and ultimately improve the quality of teaching.…”
Section: B Pair Programming In Educationmentioning
Handling large-sized classes and maintaining students' involvement are two of the major challenges in Personal Software Process (PSP) education in universities. In order to tackle these two challenges, we adapted and incorporated some typical practices of Pair Programming (PP) into the PSP class at summer school in Software Institute of Nanjing University in 2010, and received positive results, such as higher students' involvement and conformity of process discipline, as well as (half) workload reduction in evaluating assignments. However, the experiment did not confirm the improved performance of the paired students as expected. Based on the experience and feedbacks, we improved this approach in our PSP course in 2011. Accordingly, by analyzing the previous experiment results, we redesigned the experiment with a number of improvements, such as lab environment, evaluation methods and student selection, to further investigate the effects of this approach in PSP education, in particular students' performance. We also introduced several new metrics to enable the comparison analysis of the data collected from both paired students and solo students. The new experiment confirms the value of pairing practices in PSP education. The results show that in PSP class, compared to solo students, paired students can achieve better performance in terms of program quality and exam scores.
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