Investigating microbial keratitis: A comprehensive clinical and laboratory approach in a tertiary care setting

Abstract

Introduction: Microbial keratitis is a serious ocular condition that can lead to significant visual impairment. This study aims to analyze the epidemiology, clinical features, microbiological profiles, and treatment outcomes of microbial keratitis in a tertiary care setting. Material and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at the Ophthalmology Department of Mamata Medical College, Khammam, involving 50 patients with clinically diagnosed microbial keratitis. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, history of contact lens use, associated ocular and systemic conditions, and visual acuity were collected. Microbiological analyses included Gram staining, KOH wet mount, and cultures on blood agar, chocolate agar, and Sabouraud dextrose agar. Treatment efficacy and patient outcomes were also evaluated. Results:The study included 50 patients, with a mean age of 45.3 years and a male predominance (60%). Contact lens use was reported in 30% of cases. The most common presenting symptoms were pain, redness, and blurred vision. Microbiological analysis revealed bacterial growth in 44% on blood agar and 40% on chocolate agar, predominantly with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fungal elements were identified in 30% of cases on Sabouraud dextrose agar, primarily Candida spp. and Fusarium spp. Treatment outcomes varied based on the causative organism and initial visual acuity. Conclusions: This study highlights the diverse etiology and complex clinical presentation of microbial keratitis in a tertiary care setting. The findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive diagnostic approaches and targeted treatment strategies. Improved understanding of microbial keratitis can lead to better management and outcomes for affected patients.