Investigating machining characteristics and degradation rate of biodegradable ZM21 magnesium alloy in end milling process

Kumar, Rajender; Katyal, Puneet; Kumar, Kaushal; Sharma, Neeraj

doi:10.1016/j.ijlmm.2021.11.002

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Spark erosion processes result into rough surface with micro-cracks and residual stresses, hence higher corrosion rate and poor fatigue strength for Mg alloys. Comparing the results of [8] and [9] for degradation study of ZM21 Mg-alloy, it can be concluded that conventional milling process results into lower corrosion rate as compared to Wire EDM processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Mg-alloys can be easily processed using conventional machining processes such as turning [8] and milling [9,10], whereas spark erosion processes like electrical discharge machining (EDM) [11,12] and wire EDM [13,14] has also been explored for Mg-alloys. Each process has a distinguished effect on surface morphology of Mgalloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under variable machining conditions, different chip morphologies were obtained; longer/larger chips resulted in higher roughness with micro-cavities and micro-cracks that accelerated the corrosion rate for Mg alloys. Rajender et al [9] experimentally revealed that milling processing results in micro-cracks on Mg-alloy surface that attract higher mineralization and degrade faster. Ahuja et al [13] and Gill et al [14] have revealed the influence of Wire EDM processing on surface integrity and corrosion rate of Mg-alloy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of surface polishing on the degradation behavior of biodegradable Magnesium alloy

Kumar,

Jain,

Kumar

et al. 2023

Eng. Res. Express

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Mechanical polishing can significantly improve the surface integrity of Mg alloys to reduce the corrosion rate (CR) by minimizing the galvanic corrosion sites. In this study, an emery-polishing attachment on a lathe machine has been used for surface polishing of as-turned cylindrical ZM21 Mg alloy. Using Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array, three process variables with three levels were investigated and optimized for minimum surface roughness (Ra and Rz values) of Mg-alloy samples. The minimum surface roughness values of Ra; 195 nm and Rz; 1481 nm were obtained corresponding to emery paper (EP) grade; 2000, rotational speed; 250 rpm, and polishing time; 2 min. An in-vitro immersion study was conducted in simulated body fluid (SBF) up to 28 days to investigate the degradation behavior of as-turned and as-polished Mg alloy samples. In-vitro study showed that the as-turned samples (surface roughness; Ra: 640nm, Rz: 4640 nm) had a higher degradation rate (CR: 3.9 mm/year after 28 days) with a higher volume of H2 evolution rate, whereas the polished sample with the minimum surface roughness (Ra: 195 nm, Rz: 1481 nm) exhibited lower weight loss, H2 release rate, degradation rate (CR: 0.95 mm/year after 28 days) and minimum loss of mechanical strength. Based on the present study, polishing is recommended as a secondary operation after the machining of Mg alloy to reduce the corrosion rate for biodegradable implant applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of surface polishing on the degradation behavior of biodegradable Magnesium alloy

Kumar,

Jain,

Kumar

et al. 2023

Eng. Res. Express

Self Cite

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“…In addition to parameter optimization, researchers consider coolant in CNC milling machining. Kumar, et al [18] optimized the surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate by varying the factors of feed rate, cutting speed, and depth of cut. The result is that cutting speed has a large significance on the surface roughness response, besides the feeding rate and depth of cut significantly affect the material removal rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Taguchi and Promethee for CNC Milling Machining Parameter Optimization on Aa6061

Ihsan,

Sumantri,

Irawan

2024

MECHTA

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In the manufacturing industry, machining has developed quite rapidly from the use of conventional machines to unconventional machines. Unconventional machines that are often used today are optimize computer numerically controlled (CNC), the use of CNC in the manufacturing industry provides many benefits in product quality and productivity. One of them is CNC milling, this type is one of the main machines on the production floor. Machining optimization becomes the main goal to achieve the ideal response in order to produce products with good and consistent quality and productivity. Surface quality leads to surface roughness, while productivity leads to material removal rate. This study aims to optimize CNC milling machining parameters on AA6061 with Taguchi experimental design and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) method. Machining was controlled using wet machining conditions to maintain temperature during machining. Experiments were conducted nine times with three factors and levels. These factors included spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. The result of this research is the ideal value of the combination of surface roughness and material burning rate which is 0.565 (experiment 3). This best experiment is influenced by spindle speed 2600 rpm, feed rate 65 mm/min, and depth of cut 2.5 mm. Feed rate has the largest contribution in influencing the response which is 43.23%, followed by depth of cut 25.24%, and spindle speed 15.91%.

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“…The alloy’s unique mechanical properties, combined with its high biocompatibility and excellent biodegradability, make it an ideal candidate for orthopedic and other types of implants [ 24 ]. A significant area of research regarding this alloy is its machining properties, including milling [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Machining processes, such as milling, play a critical role in the manufacture of implants, shaping the alloy into precise geometries necessary for various applications [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Machining Parameters to Minimize Cutting Forces and Surface Roughness in Micro-Milling of Mg13Sn Alloy

Ercetin,

Aslantaş,

Özgün

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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This comprehensive study investigates the micro-milling of a Mg13Sn alloy, a material of considerable interest in various high-precision applications, such as biomedical implants. The main objective of the study was to explore the optimizations of variable feed per tooth (fz), cutting speed (Vc), and depth of cut (ap) parameters on the key outcomes of the micro-milling process. A unique experimental setup was employed, employing a spindle capable of achieving up to 60,000 revolutions per minute. Additionally, the study leveraged linear slides backed by micro-step motors to facilitate precise axis movements, thereby maintaining a resolution accuracy of 0.1 μm. Cutting forces were accurately captured by a mini dynamometer and subsequently evaluated based on the peak to valley values for Fx (tangential force) and Fy (feed force). The study results revealed a clear and complex interplay between the varied cutting parameters and their subsequent impacts on the cutting forces and surface roughness. An increase in feed rate and depth of cut significantly increased the cutting forces. However, the cutting forces were found to decrease noticeably with the elevation of cutting speed. Intriguingly, the tangential force (Fx) was consistently higher than the feed force (Fy). Simultaneously, the study determined that the surface roughness, denoted by Sa values, increased in direct proportion to the feed rate. It was also found that the Sa surface roughness values decreased with the increase in cutting speed. This study recommends a parameter combination of fz = 5 µm/tooth feed rate, Vc = 62.8 m/min cutting speed, and ap = 400 µm depth of cut to maintain a Sa surface roughness value of less than 1 µm while ensuring an optimal material removal rate and machining time. The results derived from this study offer vital insights into the micro-milling of Mg13Sn alloys and contribute to the current body of knowledge on the topic.

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Investigating machining characteristics and degradation rate of biodegradable ZM21 magnesium alloy in end milling process

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Influence of surface polishing on the degradation behavior of biodegradable Magnesium alloy

Influence of surface polishing on the degradation behavior of biodegradable Magnesium alloy

Integration of Taguchi and Promethee for CNC Milling Machining Parameter Optimization on Aa6061

Optimization of Machining Parameters to Minimize Cutting Forces and Surface Roughness in Micro-Milling of Mg13Sn Alloy

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