Investigating lanthanum flows and stocks in China: A dynamic material flow analysis

Zheng, Biao; Zhang, Yuquan W.; Geng, Yong; Wei, Wendong; Ge, Zewen; Gao, Ziyan

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133204

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In terms of diversifying supply sources, it is critical to promote comprehensive tailings utilization and critical REEs recovery from the production wastes and those EoL products, such as the case of neodymium recovery in this study. These measures can reduce the unnecessary primary supplies of co-produced REEs surplus, including yttrium, europium, terbium, cerium, and lanthanum (Zheng et al 2022). Besides, the deficit risk of terbium caused by its consumption growth in other sectors should be investigated.…”

Section: Policy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting future sustainable utilization of rare earth elements for efficient lighting technologies

Chen

Geng

et al. 2023

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Energy efficient lights, such as fluorescent lamps (FLs) and light-emitting diode lamps (LEDs), can greatly help achieve carbon neutrality in the building sector. Yttrium, europium, and terbium, three rare earth elements (REEs), are essential for energy efficient lighting. However, due to the ongoing lighting technology transition from FLs to LEDs, the demands for yttrium, europium, and terbium have decreased significantly. It resulted in oversupplies of these three REEs in the lighting sector, indicating an economically and environmentally unsustainable supply chain. This study aims to forecast the supply and demand dynamics of yttrium, europium, and terbium in China from 2021 to 2060 under the carbon neutrality contexts by applying a dynamicmaterial-flow-analysis based framework- . Key flows and stocks along their life cycles are examined. Results show that the annual demands for yttrium, europium, and terbium in China’s lighting sector will decrease by 88%-100% from 2021 to 2060. Driven bythe demand for other co-produced critical REEs, the growing REEs supply will resultin high surplus risks of yttrium and europium. Meanwhile, terbium deficit risk needsattention due to its demand growth in other fields. Such surpluses of these three REEsin 2060 are estimated to reach between 71,762 tons and 274,869 tons for yttrium, 535tons and 1,712 tons for europium, and -1,360 tons (i.e., deficit) and 540 tons forterbium R. ecycling activities of major co-produced REEs, such as neodymium, and the export expansion of surplus products can effectively mitigate such surplus risks. Finally, policy recommendations are proposed to improve the overall REEs efficiency from governance, technology, and economic instruments perspectives.

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Section: Policy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting future sustainable utilization of rare earth elements for efficient lighting technologies

Chen

Geng

et al. 2023

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…Other critical applications of rare earths [15], which are considered as "the secret ingredients of modern industry" [16] were identified in the sectors and devices strictly associated with human life, e.g. magnets [17,18], catalysts [19][20][21][22], inorganic materials including ceramics [23][24][25][26][27], petrochemicals [28,29], electronics [30,31], battery alloys [32][33][34][35][36][37] and additives/enhancers for more advanced materials [38,39]. Paradoxically, industrial separation for REEs from mineral ores seemed less clean than their by-end uses [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On membrane-based approaches for rare earths separation and extraction – Recent developments

Kujawa,

Al Gharabli,

Szymczyk

et al. 2023

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

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Nanohydrometallurgy with superparamagnetic nanoparticles for selective separation of lanthanum from a real spent catalyst

Pavoski,

Toma,

Espinosa

et al. 2024

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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Investigating lanthanum flows and stocks in China: A dynamic material flow analysis

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Promoting future sustainable utilization of rare earth elements for efficient lighting technologies

Promoting future sustainable utilization of rare earth elements for efficient lighting technologies

On membrane-based approaches for rare earths separation and extraction – Recent developments

Nanohydrometallurgy with superparamagnetic nanoparticles for selective separation of lanthanum from a real spent catalyst

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