Investigating Fluid Flow Regimes: A Novel Design and Implementation of Bernoulli’s Apparatus

Abstract

The Bernoulli's apparatus, a pivotal tool for exploring fluid flow characteristics within piping architecture, has been designed with an emphasis on usability, reliability, affordability, and material accessibility. This device, encompassing Venturimeters, pressure gauges, pipes, and capillary tubes, was fabricated and assembled within the central Engineering workshop at ABUAD. The apparatus was designed to enable the utilization of pressure gauges for the measurement of pressure head within pipes. Experimental procedures entailed the examination of varied water flow rates, with pressure head and volume measurements taken over 20-second intervals. The Reynolds's number was calculated, utilizing the viscosity and density of water, alongside the pipe diameter and velocity, to classify the fluid flow as either laminar, transitional, or turbulent. Results indicated an escalation in Reynolds number concurrent with the flow rate. For each discharge, Reynolds's numbers and flow categorizations were determined. The initial discharge yielded a Reynolds number approximating 3819, signifying transitional flow. Subsequent discharges demonstrated Reynolds numbers of approximately 5347, 7129, 8912, 10439, and 12371, respectively, indicative of turbulent flow. Turbulent flows are characterized by high velocities, unpredictable variations in flow magnitude and direction, and erratic alterations in pressure.