Investigating external environmental pressure on firms and their behavior in Yangtze River Delta of China

Economic Perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility

“…Other authors report that negative environmental news then influences ambient environment quality as well, even when controlling for changes in formal regulation. Surveys administered by Liu (2009) find that managers of Chinese firms report that community and NGO forces are the most important driver of changes related to enthusiastic social behavior like innovation or greening of the supply chain.…”

Understanding the External Pressure and Behavior of Commercial Banks’ Environmental Risk Management: An Empirical Study Undertaken in the Yangtze River Delta of China

“…First, specifying domain of construct based on literature review and generating samples of items, and then collecting data and purifying measures with factor analysis or coefficient alpha, 3 finally, assessing reliability and validity. The paradigm has worked well in many multidimensional studies (Churchill et al 1974;Parasuraman et al 1991;Devellis 1991;Streiner and Norman 1995;Subhabrata 2002;Liu 2009). It can reduce the tendency to apply extremely sophisticated analysis to faulty data and thereby execute a GIGO (garbage in, garbage out) routine (Churchill 1979).…”

China's New Sources of Economic Growth: Vol. 1. Reform, Resources and Climate Change

“…In line with the existing research (for example, Milliman and Prince 1989;Liu 2009;Blind 2012), our chapter categorises environmental regulations into three types: CCR, MBR and GS. CCR is mandatory and allows managers very little freedom.…”

“…To ensure survey accuracy, the related literature was reviewed (for example, Milliman and Prince 1989;Liu 2009). In addition, we interviewed nine leaders from the China Guodian Corporation, the China Huadian Corporation and the China State Grid Energy Research Institute specialising in issues related to energy savings and emission reductions.…”

“…CCR is mandatory and allows managers very little freedom. Previous studies (Walley and Whitehead 1994;Liu 2009;Testa et al 2011) and expert interviews indicate that it is logical to focus on five types of CCR: emission standards, fines, supervision, environmental assessment systems and production technology standards (Appendix Table A19.1). We specifically asked managers to assess the extent to which they were strongly influenced by these five types of regulation.…”