Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods

O'Sullivan, Sean; Srivastava, Ankita; Vadigepalli, Rajanikanth; Schwaber, James S.

doi:10.3791/64014

Cited by 1 publication

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“…With single-cell transcriptome approaches, cell type-specific association with alcohol abuse was profiled [ 48 , 49 , 50 ]. In the PFC postmortem tissue from alcohol-dependent humans, astrocytes were the predominant cell type presenting altered transcriptomes, and DEGs were associated with neuroinflammation and apoptosis in response to chronic alcohol abuse [ 48 ].…”

Section: Alcohol Use Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the PFC postmortem tissue from alcohol-dependent humans, astrocytes were the predominant cell type presenting altered transcriptomes, and DEGs were associated with neuroinflammation and apoptosis in response to chronic alcohol abuse [ 48 ]. In single cells from rats, obtained through laser microdissection and evaluated with microfluidic RT-qPCR, inflammatory gene clusters were also reported in the analysis of neurons stained for tyrosine hydroxylase and microglia of the nucleus tractus solitarius in alcohol-dependent rats [ 49 ]. This resulting phenotype seemed to be normalized after ~7 days of withdrawal, indicating the brain’s resilience to chronic alcohol exposure [ 49 ].…”

Section: Alcohol Use Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In single cells from rats, obtained through laser microdissection and evaluated with microfluidic RT-qPCR, inflammatory gene clusters were also reported in the analysis of neurons stained for tyrosine hydroxylase and microglia of the nucleus tractus solitarius in alcohol-dependent rats [ 49 ]. This resulting phenotype seemed to be normalized after ~7 days of withdrawal, indicating the brain’s resilience to chronic alcohol exposure [ 49 ].…”

Section: Alcohol Use Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unraveling Psychiatric Disorders through Neural Single-Cell Transcriptomics Approaches

Chehimi

Crist

Reiner

2023

Genes

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The development of single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptome technologies is enabling the unraveling of the molecular and cellular heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders. The complexity of the brain and the relationships between different brain regions can be better understood through the classification of individual cell populations based on their molecular markers and transcriptomic features. Analysis of these unique cell types can explain their involvement in the pathology of psychiatric disorders. Recent studies in both human and animal models have emphasized the importance of transcriptome analysis of neuronal cells in psychiatric disorders but also revealed critical roles for non-neuronal cells, such as oligodendrocytes and microglia. In this review, we update current findings on the brain transcriptome and explore molecular studies addressing transcriptomic alterations identified in human and animal models in depression and stress, neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease), schizophrenia, opioid use disorder, and alcohol and psychostimulant abuse. We also comment on potential future directions in single-cell and single-nucleus studies.

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