Investigating Criteria and Organic Air pollutant Emissions from Motorcycles by Using Various Ethanol-Gasoline Blends

Yao, Yiming; Tsai, Jason Sheng Hong; Wang, I-Ting; Tsai, Hsin-Ru

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2016.05.0174

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Hence, the respirator that combines vapor and particle filtration system is proven to be efficient protective equipment for the case of benzene and ethylbenzene exposures. Nevertheless, BTEX exposure can be largely reduced by cutting down the emissions from transportation (source reduction) such as through the utilization of the fuel injection engines powered by ethanol-gasoline mixtures (Yao et al, 2017).…”

Section: Risk Reduction Using Different Type Of Respiratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BTEX Exposure Assessment and Inhalation Health Risks to Traffic Policemen in the Klang Valley Region, Malaysia

Fandi

Jalaludin

Latif

et al. 2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene (collectively referred to as BTEX), which are prevalent in the ambient air of urban environments, potentially cause chronic health effects, particularly among outdoor workers. Aim of this study was to evaluate BTEX concentrations in the Klang Valley of Malaysia and assess the health risks to urban traffic police officers, whose duties include controlling the traffic flow and enforcing traffic laws. Air samples were collected with low-flow personal samplers during the officers' work shifts outdoors, and the BTEX content was then analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with thermal desorption (TD). A probabilistic method based on Monte Carlo simulation was applied to determine the cancer risk (CR) and hazard quotient (HQ), and a sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the greatest contributors to the estimated risks. The total BTEX concentration in the samples averaged 211.83 µg m -3 , with the largest component being toluene (averaging 89.08 µg m -3 in concentration), followed by m,p-xylene (37.25 µg m -3 ), o-xylene (35.80 µg m -3 ), benzene (25.82 µg m -3 ), and ethylbenzene (23.89 µg m -3 ). The average CR value for benzene (5.31 × 10 -6 ) as well as the 95 th percentiles of the CR values for benzene and ethylbenzene (1.70 × 10 -5 and 2.12 × 10 -6 , respectively) exceeded the acceptable level of exposure (1.0 × 10 -6 ). The HQ values for all of the BTEX species were less than one. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the most influential parameter in increasing the estimated CR and HQ was the exposure duration, followed by the BTEX concentration. The estimated CR indicates that the prolonged exposure to benzene and ethylbenzene experienced by traffic police officers exacerbates the risk of adverse health effects. These results, which provide baseline data for determining the occupational risk to individuals who are exposed to BTEX while working on or near a road, emphasize the need for additional regulations, including the use of appropriate respiratory protective equipment.

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Section: Risk Reduction Using Different Type Of Respiratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BTEX Exposure Assessment and Inhalation Health Risks to Traffic Policemen in the Klang Valley Region, Malaysia

Fandi

Jalaludin

Latif

et al. 2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…In this study, the quantity of aromatics emitted by gasoline cars was 1.5 times higher than that emitted by E10. Previous studies revealed the reduction of aromatics from ethanol fuels [48][49][50]. Aromatics mainly come from the incomplete combustion of fuels [51], which unquestionably suffer a decrease in quantity as the ethanol content increases.…”

Section: Vehicle Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation of Volatile Organic Compounds from Vehicle and Cooking Emissions

et al. 2023

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In the present work, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from vehicle exhaust and cooking fumes were investigated via simulation experiments, which covered engine emissions produced during gasoline direct injection (GDI) using two kinds of fuels and cooking emissions produced by preparing three domestic dishes. The distinct characteristics of VOCs emitted during the two processes were identified. Alkanes (73% mass fraction on average) and aromatics (15% on average) dominated the vehicle VOCs, while oxygenated VOCs (49%) and alkanes (29%) dominated the cooking VOCs. Isopentane (22%) was the most abundant species among the vehicle VOCs. N-hexanal (20%) dominated the cooking VOCs. The n-hexanal-to-n-pentanal ratio (3.68 ± 0.64) was utilized to identify cooking VOCs in ambient air. The ozone formation potential produced by cooking VOCs was from 1.39 to 1.93 times higher than that produced by vehicle VOCs, which indicates the significant potential contribution of cooking VOCs to atmospheric ozone. With the equivalent photochemical age increasing from 0 h to 72 h, the secondary organic aerosol formation by vehicle VOCs was from 3% to 38% higher than that of cooking VOCs. Controlling cooking emissions can reduce SOA pollution in a short time due to its higher SOA formation rate than that of vehicle VOCs within the first 30 h. However, after 30 h of oxidation, the amount of SOAs formed by vehicle exhaust emissions exceeded the amount of SOAs produced by cooking activities, implying that reducing vehicle emissions will benefit particle pollution for a longer time. Our results highlight the importance of VOCs produced by cooking fumes, which has not been given much attention before. Further, our study suggested that more research on semi-volatile organic compounds produced by cooking emissions should be conducted in the future.

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Specific size distributions of elemental and organic carbon, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emitted from petrol engine using two fuel grades

Wang

Wang³

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Investigating Criteria and Organic Air pollutant Emissions from Motorcycles by Using Various Ethanol-Gasoline Blends

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

BTEX Exposure Assessment and Inhalation Health Risks to Traffic Policemen in the Klang Valley Region, Malaysia

BTEX Exposure Assessment and Inhalation Health Risks to Traffic Policemen in the Klang Valley Region, Malaysia

Characteristics and Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation of Volatile Organic Compounds from Vehicle and Cooking Emissions

Specific size distributions of elemental and organic carbon, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emitted from petrol engine using two fuel grades

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