Investigating cortical excitability and inhibition in patients with schizophrenia: A TMS-EEG study

Santoro, V.; Hou, M.D.; Premoli, I.; Belardinelli, P.; Biondi, A.; Carobin, A.; Puledda, F.; Michalopoulou, P.G.; Richardson, M.P.; Rocchi, L.; Shergill, S.S.

doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110972

Cited by 2 publications

References 75 publications

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High-bandwidth, low-profile, long-term wireless EEG telemetry allows for optogenetic entrainment of natural cortical oscillations in freely-moving rats

Rees,

Griffiths,

Woodhall

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Recording of whole-brain or multi-unit neuronal activity in the rodent brain is a powerful and widely used technique in neuroscience research. However, the acquisition of data from freely-moving animals is subject to a range of compromises. If a high bandwidth of data digitisation is needed, animals will either need to be tethered to the acquisition system or any telemetry used will have a short working battery life. For freely-moving experiments, especially those requiring careful behavioural measurements, such tethers and/or headstages incorporating e.g. optogenetic stimulation systems may prove to be confounding or limiting in the experiments which may be performed. Here we present the reﬁnement and deployment of a wirelessly-charged, self-contained EEG telemeter at high data bandwidths (2kHz) with integrated optogenetic stimulator (473nm) and fully subcutaneous ﬁbre routing and implantation. This approach has allowed for rats to be recorded long-term (6 months) without requiring device explants, charging or maintenance, with an outward appearance identical to an unimplanted rodent. We have demonstrated the use of this system to stimulate cortical networks at a range of frequencies in freely-moving and acutely-anaesthetised rats allowing for the boosting or entrainment of physiological oscillations at will.

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High-bandwidth, low-profile, long-term wireless EEG telemetry allows for optogenetic entrainment of natural cortical oscillations in freely-moving rats

Rees,

Griffiths,

Woodhall

et al. 2024

Preprint

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CPT2 Deficiency Modeled in Zebrafish: Abnormal Neural Development, Electrical Activity, Behavior, and Schizophrenia-Related Gene Expression

Baker,

Marta,

Zimmerman

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

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Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein of the carnitine shuttle and is involved in the beta-oxidation of long chain fatty acids. Beta-oxidation provides an alternative pathway of energy production during early development and starvation. CPT2 deficiency is a genetic disorder that we recently showed can be associated with schizophrenia. We hypothesize that CPT2 deficiency during early brain development causes transcriptional, structural, and functional abnormalities that may contribute to a CNS environment that is susceptible to the emergence of schizophrenia. To investigate the effect of CPT2 deficiency on early vertebrate development and brain function, CPT2 was knocked down in a zebrafish model system. CPT2 knockdown resulted in abnormal lipid utilization and deposition, reduction in body size, and abnormal brain development. Axonal projections, neurotransmitter synthesis, electrical hyperactivity, and swimming behavior were disrupted in CPT2 knockdown zebrafish. RT-qPCR analyses showed significant increases in the expression of schizophrenia-associated genes in CPT2 knockdown compared to control zebrafish. Taken together, these data demonstrate that zebrafish are a useful model for studying the importance of beta-oxidation for early vertebrate development and brain function. This study also presents novel findings linking CPT2 deficiency to the regulation of schizophrenia and neurodegenerative disease-associated genes.

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Investigating cortical excitability and inhibition in patients with schizophrenia: A TMS-EEG study

Cited by 2 publications

References 75 publications

High-bandwidth, low-profile, long-term wireless EEG telemetry allows for optogenetic entrainment of natural cortical oscillations in freely-moving rats

High-bandwidth, low-profile, long-term wireless EEG telemetry allows for optogenetic entrainment of natural cortical oscillations in freely-moving rats

CPT2 Deficiency Modeled in Zebrafish: Abnormal Neural Development, Electrical Activity, Behavior, and Schizophrenia-Related Gene Expression

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